Nanomaterials as targeted delivery system of therapeutics for inhibition of cancer
Abstract
Cancer, a disease with complex pathological process, is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Conventional chemotherapy faces drawbacks regarding its low bioavaiability, insolubility, high dose requirements, low therapeutic indices, cytotoxicity, multiple drug resistance-development, biological barriers related obstruction, and non-specific targeting. Cancer drug resistance includes over-expression of drug efflux transporters, hypoxic environment, and defective apoptotic pathways. To overcome these discrepancies, a lot of nanomaterials (NMs), as emerging delivery system, have attracted attention for carrying and delivering therapeutics to the desired sites of interest. For improving the targeting potential of the anticancer cargos, NMs are optimized for their sizes, shapes, and surfaces for enhancing their circulation time and targeting efficiency. The NMs through encapsulation or conjugation of cargos with ligands may target them to the cancer site/s with enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a controlled release manner. Generally, NMs, as cancer therapy, are utilized to target cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and immune system mainly through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect¸ stimuli-responsive targeting or modifying their surfaces with targeting ligands such as transferin, integrins, sugar, folic acid and antibodies for the enhancement of tissue targeting recognition and their internalization. This review demonstrates mainly the biomedical applications of NMs as delivery vehicles or systems functionalized with ligands and therapeutic agents to target cancer cells / tissues passively, actively or physically with higher inhibitory therapeutic efficacies against cancer.
Keywords: Cancer; Conventional chemotherapy; Nanomaterials; Biomedical applications; Therapeutic targeting; Inhibitory therapeutic efficacies
Keywords:
Cancer, Conventional chemotherapy, Nanomaterials, Biomedical applications, Therapeutic targeting, Inhibitory therapeutic efficaciesDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i12.6014References
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