A Review on Dry Emulsion: Formulation and Evaluation
Abstract
The goal of the dry emulsion formulation is to decrease the adverse effects of drugs and increase their bioavailability. Because they are formulations that are both physically and microbiologically stable, dry emulsions are appealing. For lipophilic and poorly soluble medicinal compounds, they offer a possible oral drug administration method. Liquid o/w emulsions with a solid carrier in the aqueous phase are dried to create dry emulsion. Spray drying, lyophilization, and rotary evaporation are methods for creating dry emulsions. Lactose, mannitol, and maltodextrins are organic filters used in the preparation of dry emulsion. The oils employed in this study are olive oil, sesame oil, and peppermint oil. Pre-formulation experiments revealed that HPMC was the ideal gum for making dry emulsion, while mannitol was the organic filler. It was discovered through observations that the drug’s stability and bioavailability were improved by manufacturing it as a dry emulsion.
Keywords: Dry emulsion, solid carriers, lyophilization
Keywords:
Dry emulsion, Lyophilization, Solid carriersDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i3.7616References
1. Christensen KL, Pedersen GP, Kristensen HG. Preparation of redispersible dry emulsions by spray drying. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2001 Jan 16;212(2):187-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00596-2 PMid:11165076
2. Shah P, Bhalodia D, Shelat P. Nanoemulsion: Apharmaceutical review. Systematic reviews in pharmacy. 2010;1(1):24-32 https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-8453.59509
3. Chen Y, Liu J. Nano and dry emulsion system for improved drug bioavailability. Drug delivery. 2023 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023,2178456
4. Ponphaiboon J, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. development and evaluation of a dry emulsion of ostrich oil as a dietary supplement. Foods 2024;13(16):2570 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules PMid:19223822 PMCid:PMC6254026
5. NayakulaM, Jeengar MK, Naidu VGM, Chella N. enhanced pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin using dry emulsion as drug delivery vehicle. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2023;48(2):189-199 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-023-00819-7 PMid:36800055
6. Madawi EA, Manaa HM, Alattrach DG, Al Mogharbel ZA, Hussain Z, Ahmed IS, Dry emulsions as a promising adaptation in pharmaceutical dosage formulations: A review of recent developments and biopharmaceutical significance, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2024;96:105712 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105712
7. Li X, Zhang Y, Wang H. Stability and characterization of dry emulsion powders. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112345 PMid:35074639
8. Kumar A,N, Chawla PA, Faruk A, Chawla V. design and evaluation of solid self microemulsifying drug delivery systems. RCS Pharmaceutics. 2025;2:318-332 https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00198B
9. Kumar A, Kumar K, Joshi A, Rajput V. microemulsions: a promising drug delivery system. International journal of pharmaceutics drug analysis. 2023;11(4):14-18. https://doi.org/10.47957/ijpda.v11i4.562
10. Gupta R, Patel H. Formulation and characterization of lipid-based dry emulsion drug delivery systems. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121785 PMid:35500690
11. Meng Z, Qi K, Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. macromicro structure characterization and molecular properties of emulsion template polysaccharide oleogels. Foods hydrocolloid. 2018;77:17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.09.006
12. Singh Y, Mehar JG, Ravel K, Khan FA, Chaurasia M, Jain NK. Nanoemulsion: eoncept, development and application in drug delivery. Journal of control release. 2017;252:28-49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.008 PMid:28279798
13. Dange V, Shid S, Magdum CS, Mohite SK, Nitalikar MM. A review: Dry emulsion. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015;5(4):208-10. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2015.00032.5
14. Patel HK, Patel JK. Recent advances in lipid-based drug delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(9):863 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090863 PMid:32927897 PMCid:PMC7559812
15. Madawi EA, Manaa HM, Alattrach DG, Al Mogharbel ZA, Hussain Z, Ahmed IS. Dry emulsions as a promising adaptation in pharmaceutical dosage formulations: A review of recent developments and biopharmaceutical significance. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2024 Jun 1;96:105712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105712
16. Adley Lima AN, Sobrinho LS, Roberto AC, Correa JR, Rolim Neto PJ. Alternative technologies to improve solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy. 2008;27(5):789-797.
17. Kumar A, Singh R, Sharma P. dry emulsions as promising pharmaceutical dosage forms:recent developments. Journal of drug delivery and science technology. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105712
18. Patel V, Patel C, Patel B, Thakkar H. formulation and evaluation of reloxifene hydrochloride dry emulsion tablet using adsorption technique. Therapeutic delivery 2021;12(7):539-552. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2021-0025 PMid:34165001
19. Usman MJ. Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug development, fabrication and characterization of ezetimibe solid dispersion for solubility enhancement. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 2017;2(1):12-6 https://doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v2i1.R3
20. Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. Biotechnology 2021;11:10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02501-0 PMid:33184594 PMCid:PMC7644738
21. Sato H, Ogawa K, Kojo Y, Suzuki H, Mizumoto T, Onoue S. physicochemical stability study on cyclosporine A loaded dry-emulsion formulation with enhanced solubility. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015;63(1):54-58 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c14-00696 PMid:25743195
22. Patil D, Bachhav R, Gosavi D, Pagar R, Bairagi V. formulation and evaluation of ezetimibe lyophilized dry emulsion tablets. Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics. 2019;9(3):234-240. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2926
23. Niczinger NA, Kállai-Szabó B, Lengyel M, Gordon P, Klebovich I, Antal I. Physicochemical analysis in the evaluation of reconstituted dry emulsion tablets. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2017 Feb 5;134:86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.031 PMid:27889669
24. Sharma D, KaurG. Development and characterization of dry emulsion systems for poorly soluble drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy.2023 DOI:10.1080/03639045.2023.2189541
25. Reddy MS, Tanmayee S. formulation and in-vitro evaluation of dry emulsion of mefenamic acid in hard vegetarian capsules. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research. 2018 ;(9);3985-3992. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(9).3985-92
26. Danga V, Shid S, Magdum CS, Mohite SK, Nitalikar MM. A Review Dry Emulsion. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Technology 2015;5(4):208 https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2015.00032.5
27. Khandagale PM, Bhairav B, Saudagar RB. Lyophilization Technique: A Review. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2016;6(4):269-276. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5659.2016.00038.2
28. Gaidhani KA, Harwalkar M, Bhambere D, Nirgude PS. Lyophilization/freeze drying-a review. World J. Pharm. Res. 2015 Jun 3;4(8):516-543. DOI: www.wjpr.net
29. Patel J, Shah N. dry emulsion technology fr improving solubility of hydrophobic drugs. European journal of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutics. 2022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.04.012
30. Nikam Aarti KR. Formulation and Evaluation of Fenofibrate Dry emulsion tablets by Freeze Drying Method. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance; 2022;13(4):369-376 https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.13.4.05
31. Patapoff TW, Overcashier DE. The importance of freezing on lyophilization cycle development. Biopharm. 2002;15(3):16-21. DOI; https://www.biopharminternational.com/view/importance-freezing-lyophilization-cycledevelopment
32. Haritha M, Priyanka M, Aqther A, Neeharika R, Kumar PB. Dry emulsion: a promising dosage form to deliver lipophilic drug molecules with improved stability and effectiveness. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology. 2013 Jan 1;1(1):119. DOI; www.ijrpb.com
33. Dhananjay P, Rakesh B, Dipika G, Rahul P, Vinod B. Formulation and evaluation of Ezetimibe lyophilized dry emulsion tablets. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019 May 2;9(3):630-635. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2926
34. Dott CV. Freeze drying process principle and practice. Pharmaceutical technologies and development 2010.1.120 DOI: http://sites.unimi.it/gazzalab/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/54-liofilizzazione.pdf
35. Chow PS, Lim RTY, Cyriac F. effect of process parameters on microstructure and stability of emulsion cream formulation. Pharmaceutical science. 2024:16(6):773 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060773 PMid:38931894 PMCid:PMC11207101
36. Jovanovic AS, Martinovic M, Zugic A. development and evaluation of topical delivery system containing dry emulsion tablets. Pharmaceutical science. 2023;15:813. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030813 PMid:36986679 PMCid:PMC10056080
37. McClements DJ. Nanoemulsions for improving bioavailability of hydrophobic foods and drugs. Current opinion in colloid and interface sciences. 2018.02.002
38. Wei W, Mo C, Guohua C. Issues in freeze drying of aqueous solutions. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2012 Jun 1;20(3):551-9. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(11)60218-8
39. Kaur A, Chand B, Kamal AS. Development and evaluation of dry adsorbed emulsion for extended release of niacinamide. International journal of advances in pharmacy. Biology and Chemistry 2013;2:291-306. DOI: http://www.ijapbc.com
40. Do Morais AR, do Nascimento Alencar É, Júnior FH, De Oliveira CM, Marcelino HR, Barratt G, Fessi H, Do Egito ES, Elaissari A. Freeze-drying of emulsified systems: A review. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2016 Apr 30;503(1-2):102-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.047 PMid:26943974
41. Verma R, Gupta S. recent progress in emulsion-based drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical development and technology. 2024.DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2312456
42. Madhuri D, Raju KN, Babu RC, Ruksana SB, Jyothsna B, Krishna NV, Lakshmi V. Design, development and evaluation of dry emulsion of cephalexin monohydrate. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2016;39(2):276-280. DOI: www.globalresearchonline.net
43. Bhatia S, Kaur H. advances in pharmaceutical emulsions and drug delivery systems. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123456
44. Gunjan S, Basanta D, Basanta R, Kshitis CB, Bibas A. Development, optimization and In-vitro evaluation of Aceclofenac dry emulsion tablets by carrier based technique. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical research; 2015 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25166
45. Silva A, Cerqueira F, Vicenta A. influence of spray drying on the properties of food and pharmaceutical emulsions. Powder technology. 2024;442:119878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119878
46. Salama AH, Basha M, El Awdan S. Experimentally designed lyophilized dry emulsion tablets for enhancing the antihyperlipidemic activity of atorvastatin calcium: preparation, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo assessment. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018 Jan 15;112:52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.003 PMid:29117504
47. Kale SN, Deore SL. Emulsion microemulsion and nanoemulsion:a review. Systematic review in pharmacy. 2021;12(2):120-129. DOI: 10.5530/srp.2021.2.19
48. Wahab W, Alshamsi R, Alharsousi B, Alnuaimi M, Alhammadi Z, Al-Zaitone B. Recent Developments in Pharmaceutical Spray Drying: Modeling, Process Optimization, and Emerging Trends with Machine Learning. Pharmaceutics. 2025 Dec 13;17(12):1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121605 PMid:41471119 PMCid:PMC12736995
Published
Abstract Display: 158 
PDF Downloads: 176 PDF Downloads: 23 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Navneet Kaur , Amardeep Kaur , Ashish Vig
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.