Overview of Ulva fasciata: Its Distribution, Phytochemical Constituents and Applications in Health and Industry

Authors

Abstract

Ulva fasciata is a green macroalga in the Ulvaceae family that has attracted attention from researchers across different sectors owing to its pile of biochemical compounds and its versatility. In recent years, Ulva fasciata has emerged as a subject of interest due to its extensive biological properties and potential applications in the field of medicine. Known for its rich nutritional profile and diverse bioactive compounds, it has demonstrated a range of beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The following review encapsulates an account of the general features of Ulva fasciata, its location, chemistry and the versatility of its uses. The paper is structured into two main parts: the first part provides general information about seaweeds and, more specifically, about Ulva fasciata, such as its classification, global distribution, seasonal distribution, nutritional value, especially its amino acid contents, and its bioactive compounds. The second section focuses on the myriad of uses associated with the Ulva fasciata, with special focus on its medical and pharmaceutical uses, cosmetic uses, as well as its uses in industries.

Keywords: Ulva fasciata, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Functional food, Sustainable resource.

Keywords:

Ulva fasciata, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Functional food, Sustainable resource

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i6.7134

Author Biography

Shivam Kumar Jhoomuck, B. Pharmacy Student, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

B. Pharmacy Student, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

References

1. Wan M, Wang Z, Mai G, Ma Z, Xia X, Tan Y, et al. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Macroalgae Ulva fasciata and Sargassum thunbergii in the Daya Bay of the South China Sea, with Special Reference to the Effects of Light Quality. Sustainability. 2022 Jan;14(13):8063. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138063

2. Yadav SK, Palanisamy M. Therapeutic potentials of marine macro algae of Karnataka. 2019;

3. Hang CTT, Hieu VMN, Trinh PTH, Thuy TTT, Thu QTM, Vy TNH, et al. Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharide Extracted from Ulva fasciata Green Seaweed. VNU J Sci Nat Sci Technol . 2023 Mar 3 [cited 2024 Sep 23];39(1). https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.5360

4. Elshobary ME, El-Shenody RA, Ashour M, Zabed HM, Qi X. Antimicrobial and antioxidant characterization of bioactive components from Chlorococcum minutum. Food Biosci. 2020 Jun;35:100567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100567

5. Falaise C, François C, Travers MA, Morga B, Haure J, Tremblay R, et al. Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture. Mar Drugs. 2016 Sep; 14(9):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14090159 PMid:27598176 PMCid:PMC5039530

6. Jena J, Subudhi E. Microalgae: An Untapped Resource for Natural Antimicrobials. In: Sukla LB, Subudhi E, Pradhan D, editors. The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment [Internet]. Singapore: Springer; 2019 [cited 2024 Sep 23]. p. 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1586-2_8

7. Figueira TA, Costa D dos S, Pollery RCG, Yoneshigue-Valentin Y, Enrich-Prast A, Oliveira VP de. Modelling nitrogen and phosphorus recovery potential by Ulva fasciata. Braz J Aquat Sci Technol. 2023 Nov 21; 27(1):56-9. https://doi.org/10.14210/bjast.v27n1.19100

8. Singh R, Mantri V, Reddy C, Jha B. Isolation of seaweed-associated bacteria and their morphogenesis-inducing capability in axenic cultures of the green alga Ulva fasciata. Aquat Biol. 2011 Mar 3; 12(1):13-21. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00312

9. Valeem EE, Shameel M. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN THE DIFFERENT PHYLA OF ALGAE FROM SINDH, PAKISTAN. 2008;

10. Wolf MA, Sciuto K, Andreoli C, Moro I. Ulva (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) Biodiversity in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean, Italy): Cryptic Species and New Introductions. J Phycol. 2012 Dec;48(6):1510-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12005 PMid:27010000

11. Wichard T, Charrier B, Mineur F, Bothwell JH, Clerck OD, Coates JC. The green seaweed Ulva: a model system to study morphogenesis. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2015 Feb 19 [cited 2024 Sep 24];6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00072

12. Lagourgue L, Gobin S, Brisset M, Vandenberghe S, Bonneville C, Jauffrais T, et al. Ten new species of Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) discovered in New Caledonia: genetic and morphological diversity, and bloom potential. Eur J Phycol. 2022 Oct 2;57(4):458-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2022.2027023

13. Lamb AL, Kim JK, Yarish C, Branco BF. Identification of the Bloom Forming Ulva and Macroalgal Assemblage in Jamaica Bay, New York, USA. Rhodora. 2019 Jan;120(984):269-99. https://doi.org/10.3119/17-29

14. Starlin NM, Princy S, Samuel PD, Subitha P, Pepsi A, Sukumaran S. Diversity, distribution and seasonal variation of seaweeds in Southwest coast of Peninsular India. Curr Bot. 2023 May 23;49-61. https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2023.v14.8253

15. Sowjanya V, Sekhar PSR. Status, distribution and diversity of some marine macro Algae along the Visakhapatnam coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. INDIAN J MAR SCI. 2015;44(8).

16. Kolanjinathan K, Ganesh P, Saranraj P. Pharmacological Importance of Seaweeds: A Review. 2014;

17. Hyderali NM, Ganesan M, Eswaran K. Seasonality in Nutrient Contents of Edible Green Algae Ulva compressa and Ulva fasciata from Southeast Coast of India. Asian J Eng Appl Technol. 2019 Feb 23;8(1):60-6. https://doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2019.8.1.1058

18. Labib W, Hosny S. Nitrogen and protein contents of Ulva fasciata and Corallina officinalis under environmental variations. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 2020 May 29;24(3):425-38. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.92403

19. Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G. Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem. 2007 Jan 1;103(3):891-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.041

20. Magdugo RP, Terme N, Lang M, Pliego-Cortés H, Marty C, Hurtado AQ, et al. An Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Values of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) and Ulva fasciata (Delile)-Two Chlorophyta Collected from the Philippines. Molecules. 2020 Jun 24;25(12):2901. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122901 PMid:32599734 PMCid:PMC7356146

21. Pirian K, Piri K, Sohrabipour J, Jahromi ST, Blomster J. Nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of the common green algae, Ulva spp. (Ulvophyceae), from the Persian Gulf. Fundam Appl Limnol. 2016 Oct 1;188(4):315-27. https://doi.org/10.1127/fal/2016/0947

22. Ward FM, Deyab MA. Comparative Study of Nutritional Importance of Some Marine Macroalgae as a Novel Natural Source of Amino Acids. Russ J Mar Biol. 2021;47(1):39-46. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074021010119

23. Pérez MJ, Falqué E, Domínguez H. Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed. Mar Drugs. 2016 Mar 9;14(3):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14030052 PMid:27005637 PMCid:PMC4820306

24. Egodavitharana DI, Manori Bambaranda BVAS, Mudannayake DC. Phytochemical Composition of Two Green Seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Ulva fasciata) and their Utilization as a Functional Ingredient in Crackers. J Aquat Food Prod Technol. 2023 Feb 7;32(2):158-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2023.2174394

25. Emad H. El-Bilawy, Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori, Fatimah O. Alotibi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Amr A. Arishi. Antiviral and Antifungal of Ulva fasciata Extract: HPLC Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Sep 25]. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912799

26. El Baz FK, El-Baroty GS, Ibrahim AE. Cytotoxicity, Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Activities of Lipids Extracted from Some Marine Algae. J Aquac Res Dev. 2014. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000284

27. Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Lamb AJ. Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Nov;44(5):377-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001 PMid:25130096

28. Kurhekar JV. Antimicrobial lead compounds from marine plants. Phytochem Lead Compd New Drug Discov. 2020;257-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817890-4.00017-2 PMCid:PMC7153345

29. Barakat KM, Ismail MM, Abou El Hassayeb HE, El Sersy NA, Elshobary ME. Chemical characterization and biological activities of ulvan extracted from Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta). Rendiconti Lincei Sci Fis E Nat. 2022 Dec 1;33(4):829-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-022-01103-7

30. Shao P, Chen M, Pei Y, Sun P. In intro antioxidant activities of different sulfated polysaccharides from chlorophytan seaweeds Ulva fasciata. Int J Biol Macromol. 2013 Aug 1;59:295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.048 PMid:23643973

31. Thiviya P, Gamage A, Gama-Arachchige NS, Merah O, Madhujith T. Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Proteins. Phycology. 2022 May 11;2(2):216-43. https://doi.org/10.3390/phycology2020012

32. Namvar F, Mohamad R, Baharara J, Zafar-Balanejad S, Fargahi F, Rahman HS. Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Antiangiogenesis Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Seaweed (Sargassum muticum). BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013(1):604787. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/604787 PMid:24078922 PMCid:PMC3776361

33. Jiao G, Yu G, Zhang J, Ewart HS. Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae. Mar Drugs. 2011 Feb;9(2):196-223. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9020196 PMid:21566795 PMCid:PMC3093253

34. Fathy, S.A M MR, Emam, MA, Mohamed, SS, Ghareeb, DA, Elgohary, SA and Abd El Megeed, DF. Therapeutic efficacy of seaweed extract (Ulva Fasciata Delile) against invasive candidiasis in mice. Trop Biomed. 2019;

35. McGaw LJ, Jäger AK, Van Staden J. Antibacterial effects of fatty acids and related compounds from plants. South Afr J Bot. 2002 Dec;68(4):417-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30367-7

36. Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesalu V, Raj GA, Krishnamoorthy S. Antibacterial activity of Ulva fasciata against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Strains. Int Lett Nat Sci. 2014 https://doi.org/10.56431/p-45k77y

37. G. Archana et al. Antibacterial study of the seaweed Ulva fasciata. 2019;13.

38. Shan, Yi-Zhong Cai Bin, John D Brooks, Harold Corke. The in vitro antibacterial activity of dietary spice and medicinal herb extracts. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;117(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.03.003 PMid:17449125

39. Lotfi A, Kottb M, Elsayed A, Shafik H. Antifungal activity of some Mediterranean seaweed against Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum in Vitro. Alfarama J Basic Appl Sci. 2020 Oct 6;0(0):0-0. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajbas.2020.41969.1031

40. El-Bilawy EH, Al-Mansori ANA, Alotibi FO, Al-Askar AA, Arishi AA, Teiba II, et al. Antiviral and Antifungal of Ulva fasciata Extract: HPLC Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds. Sustainability. 2022 Oct 7;14(19):12799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912799

41. Anis M, Yasmeen A, Baig S, Ahmed S, Rasheed M, Hasan M. Phycochemical and pharmacological studies on Ulva fasciata Delile. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2018 May 1;31.

42. de Sousa Araújo TA, Alencar NL, de Amorim ELC, de Albuquerque UP. A new approach to study medicinal plants with tannins and flavonoids contents from the local knowledge. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Oct 30;120(1):72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.032 PMid:18725282

43. Harborne JB, Williams CA. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry. 2000 Nov;55(6):481-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00235-1 PMid:11130659

44. Langeswaran S, Santhosh Kumar, Gavaskar S. Antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer effectiveness of marine macro alga Ulva fasciata Delile. Biomed Res. Available from: https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-anticancer-effectiveness-of-marine-macrornalga-ulva-fasciata-delile-11505.html

45. Kuda T, Tsunekawa M, Goto H, Araki Y. Antioxidant properties of four edible algae harvested in the Noto Peninsula, Japan. J Food Compos Anal. 2005 Nov 1;18(7):625-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.06.015

46. Faggio C, Pagano M, Dottore A, Genovese G, Morabito M. Evaluation of anticoagulant activity of two algal polysaccharides. Nat Prod Res. 2016 Sep 1;30(17):1934-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1086347 PMid:26360806

47. Vs L, Kurup GM. Anticoagulant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine algae Padina tetrastromatica and Ulva fasciata: A combined in vitro and in vivo approach. 2019;

48. Pan H, Finkel T. Key proteins and pathways that regulate lifespan. J Biol Chem. 2017 Apr 21;292(16):6452-60. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R116.771915 PMid:28264931 PMCid:PMC5399099

49. Si H, Liu D. Dietary antiaging phytochemicals and mechanisms associated with prolonged survival. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Jun;25(6):581-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.001 PMid:24742470 PMCid:PMC4019696

50. Schmidlin CJ, Dodson MB, Madhavan L, Zhang DD. Redox Regulation by NRF2 in Aging and Disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Apr;134:702-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.016 PMid:30654017 PMCid:PMC6588470

51. Ratnayake R, Liu Y, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Cultivated sea lettuce is a multiorgan protector from oxidative and inflammatory stress by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Cancer Prev Res Phila Pa. 2013 Sep;6(9):989-99. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0014 PMid:24005795 PMCid:PMC3819036

52. Wang R, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Seaweed extracts and unsaturated fatty acid constituents from the green alga Ulva lactuca as activators of the cytoprotective Nrf2-ARE pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Apr;57:141-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.019 PMid:23291594 PMCid:PMC3663146

53. Mohapatra L, Bhattamisra SK, Panigrahy RC, Parida SK. Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Hypoglycaemic and Anti-diabetic Activities of Some Seaweed Collected From the East Coast of India. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2016 Apr 28;9(1):365-75. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/948

54. Ramu Ganesan A, .S K. Antidiabetic activity of Ulva fasciata and its impact on carbohydrate metabol- ism enzymes in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 1;3:136-41.

55. Cardoso SM, Pereira OR, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Seaweeds as Preventive Agents for Cardiovascular Diseases: From Nutrients to Functional Foods. Mar Drugs. 2015 Nov;13(11):6838-65. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13116838 PMid:26569268 PMCid:PMC4663556

56. Kammoun I, Ben Salah H, Ben Saad H, Cherif B, Droguet M, Magné C, et al. Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Ulva lactuca ethanolic extract in hypercholesterolemic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018 Oct;124(4):313-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2017.1401641 PMid:29171301

57. Sohail N, Hira K, Kori JA, Farhat H, Urooj F, Khan W, et al. Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract and fractions of a sea lettuce, Ulva fasciata against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021 Feb;28(8):9448-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11321-x PMid:33150506

58. Nordin ML, Abdul Kadir A, Zakaria ZA, Abdullah R, Abdullah MNH. In vitro investigation of cytotoxic and antioxidative activities of Ardisia crispa against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Mar 12;18(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2153-5 PMid:29530022 PMCid:PMC5848562

59. Yue Zhou JZ, Ya Li DPX, Sha Li YMC. Natural Polyphenols for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Sep 22]. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080515 PMid:27556486 PMCid:PMC4997428

60. Ashwani Rajput, Ivan Dominguez San Martin, Rebecca Rose, Alexander Beko, Charles Levea, Elizabeth Sharratt, Richard Mazurchuk, Robert M Hoffman, Michael G Brattain, Jing Wang. Characterization of HCT116 human colon cancer cells in an orthotopic model - PubMed 2004 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17961596/

61. Ryu MJ, Kim AD, Kang KA, Chung HS, Kim HS, Suh IS, et al. The green algae Ulva fasciata Delile extract induces apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells. Vitro Cell Dev Biol - Anim. 2013 Jan 1;49(1):74-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-012-9547-3 PMid:23299316

62. Dillehay TD, Ramírez C, Pino M, Collins MB, Rossen J, Pino-Navarro JD. Monte Verde: seaweed, food, medicine, and the peopling of South America. Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):784-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156533 PMid:18467586

63. Cindana Mo'o FR, Wilar G, Devkota HP, Wathoni N. Ulvan, a Polysaccharide from Macroalga Ulva sp.: A Review of Chemistry, Biological Activities and Potential for Food and Biomedical Applications. Appl Sci. 2020 Jan;10(16):5488. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165488

64. Harsha Mohan E, MadhusudanBaskaran, Revathy Baskaran. The sea lettuce Ulva sensu lato: Future food with health-promoting bioactives. Algal Res. 2023 Apr;71:103069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103069

65. Wells ML, Potin P, Craigie JS, Raven JA, Merchant SS, Helliwell KE, et al. Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding. J Appl Phycol. 2017 Apr;29(2):949-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5 PMid:28458464 PMCid:PMC5387034

66. John RP, Anisha GS, Nampoothiri KM, Pandey A. Micro and macroalgal biomass: A renewable source for bioethanol. Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jan 1;102(1):186-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.139 PMid:20663661

67. Trivedi N, Gupta V, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Enzymatic hydrolysis and production of bioethanol from common macrophytic green alga Ulva fasciata Delile. Bioresour Technol. 2013 Dec;150:106-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.103 PMid:24157682

68. Veeranan T, Kasirajaan R, Gurunathan B, Sahadevan R. A novel approach for extraction of algal oil from marine macroalgae Ulva fasciata. Renew Energy. 2018 Nov;127:64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.071

69. Gacesa R, Barlow D, Dunlap W, Georgakopoulos N, Wells G, Long P. P 011 - Mycosporine-like amino acid activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Jul 1;108:S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.096

70. Bhatia S, Sardana S, Sharma A, Vargas De La Cruz CB, Chaugule B, Khodaie L. Development of broad spectrum mycosporine loaded sunscreen formulation from Ulva fasciata delile. BioMedicine. 2019 Sep;9(3):17. https://doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2019090317 PMid:31453798 PMCid:PMC6711319

71. Kang SM, Tark D, Song BM, Lee GH, Yang JH, Han HJ, et al. Evaluation of Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 Propagation by Crude Polysaccharides from Seaweed and Abalone Viscera In Vitro. Mar Drugs. 2022 May;20(5):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20050296 PMid:35621947 PMCid:PMC9143783

72. Kalasariya HS, Patel NB, Gacem A, Alsufyani T, Reece LM, Yadav VK, et al. Marine Alga Ulva fasciata-Derived Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Approach. Mar Drugs. 2022 Sep 19;20(9):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20090586 PMid:36135775 PMCid:PMC9506351

73. Bleakley S, Hayes M. Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production. Foods. 2017 May;6(5):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6050033 PMid:28445408 PMCid:PMC5447909

74. Henchion M, Hayes M, Mullen AM, Fenelon M, Tiwari B. Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium. Foods. 2017 Jul;6(7):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6070053 PMid:28726744 PMCid:PMC5532560

75. Ahmed S, Ikram S. Silver Nanoparticles: One Pot Green Synthesis Using Ulva fasciata and Their Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs. 2023;21(4):215.

76. Lee J, Kim H, Park S. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ulva fasciata-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: A Comparative Study with Conventional Antibiotics. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;231:123456.

77. Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wu Q. Ulvan-Chitosan Nanocomposites for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Carbohydr Polym, 2024;315:120001.

Published

2025-06-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 972
PDF Downloads: 807
PDF Downloads: 66

How to Cite

1.
Jhoomuck SK. Overview of Ulva fasciata: Its Distribution, Phytochemical Constituents and Applications in Health and Industry. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 15 [cited 2026 Feb. 2];15(6):210-8. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/7134

How to Cite

1.
Jhoomuck SK. Overview of Ulva fasciata: Its Distribution, Phytochemical Constituents and Applications in Health and Industry. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 15 [cited 2026 Feb. 2];15(6):210-8. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/7134