Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical, Phytochemical evaluation and Thin layer chromatography of Ocimum basilicum leaves
Abstract
O. basilicum is a annual herb commonly referred to sweet basil and used in various traditional systems, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. The objective of this study is to gain comprehensive pharmacognostic, physicochemical characteristics, and phytochemical analysis of the leaves. The pharmacognostic criteria were assessed, including macroscopic and microscopic evaluations, transverse sections of the leaf, powder microscopy, fluorescence analysis, and physicochemical properties (Total Ash 14.60%, acid-insoluble ash 4.15%), water-soluble ash 3.27%; alcohol-soluble extractive value 2.4%; water-soluble extractive value 1.6%; moisture content 13%. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic leaf extracts indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolic, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The Rf values determined were 0.60, 0.68, and 0.72. The standardized parameters for pharmacognostics, physicochemical parameters, phytochemical properties, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and chromatographic analyses of O. basilicum leaves are revealed in this work.
Keywords: Fluorescence analysis, Physicochemical, Thin layer chromatography, TPC, TFC
Keywords:
Fluorescence analysis, Physicochemical, Thin layer chromatography, TPC, TFCDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i8.7918References
1. Runyoro D, Ngassapa O, Vagionas K, Aligiannis N, Graikou K, Chinou I. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of four Ocimum species growing in Tanzania. Food Chemistry. 2010 Mar; 119(1):311-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.028
2. Stefan M, Zamfirache M, Padurariu C, Trută E, Gostin I. The composition and antibacterial Activity of essential oils in three Ocimum species growing in Romania. Open Life Sciences. 2013 Mar 16; 8(6):600-8. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0171-8
3. Altemimi AB, Mohammed MJ, Yi-Chen L, Watson DG, Lakhssassi N, Cacciola F, et al. Optimization of Ultrasonicated Kaempferol Extraction from Ocimum basilicum Using a Box-Behnken Design and Its Densitometric Validation. Foods. 2020 Sept 29; 9(10):1379.https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101379 PMid:33003426 PMCid:PMC7600635
4. Ghasemzadeh A, Ashkani S, Baghdadi A, Pazoki A, Jaafar H, Rahmat A. Improvement in Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids Production and Pharmaceutical Quality of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by Ultraviolet-B Irradiation. Molecules. 2016 Sept 9; 21(9):1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091203 PMid:27618000 PMCid:PMC6274208
5. Osei Akoto C, Acheampong A, Boakye YD, Naazo AA, Adomah DH. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anthelmintic Activities of Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil) Fruits. Journal of Chemistry [Internet]. 2020 May 23; 2020:e2153534. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2153534
6. Ch M, Naz S, Sharif A, Akram M, Saeed M. Biological and Pharmacological Properties of the Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015 Jan 10; 7(5):330-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2015/16505
7. Zhan Y, An X, Wang S, Sun M, Zhou H. Basil polysaccharides: A review on extraction, bioactivities and pharmacological applications. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2026 July 13]; 28(1):115179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115179 PMid:31740199
8. Evans WC. Trease and Evans” Pharmacognosy. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009.
9. Wallis TE. Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 5th ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors; 1985.
10. Khandelwal DKR. Practical Pharmacognosy. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd.; 2008.
11. World Health Organization. Quality control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. Delhi: A.I.T.B.S. Publishers; 1998.
12. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Vol. II: Appendix 3.23, A47. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; 1996.
13. Harborne J. Phytochemical Methods. London: Chapman and Hall; 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5570-7
14. Vogel A. A text book of Macro and semi micro qualitatative inorganic analysis. London: Longman Green & Co. Ltd.; 1953.
15. Turner R. Screening Methods in Pharmacology. New York: Academic press; 1965.
16. Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P, Gurung R, Koirala N. Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants [Internet]. 2019 Apr 11; 8(4):96. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040096 PMid:30978964 PMCid:PMC6524357
17. Stahl Engon. Apparatus and General Techniques in TLC. In: Thin layer chromatography. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd; 1969. p. 52-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88488-7_3
18. Wagner H, Bladet S, Zgainski E. Plant Drug Analysis, A TLC Atlas. New York: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 1994.
Published
Abstract Display: 52 
PDF Downloads: 61 PDF Downloads: 30 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Brij Raj Singh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.