Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Particulate Systems: Preparation Techniques, Adaptations, and Utilizations in Pharmaceutical Delivery and Biomedical Research

Authors

  • Shiv Kumar Srivastava Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8356-2767
  • Mahesh Prasad Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7329-188X
  • Shashi Shankar Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0336-0659
  • Anant Prakash Pandey Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9255-1786
  • Abhishek Kumar Singh Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3026-7459
  • Antesh Kumar Jha Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-8215

Abstract

Alginate, a naturally derived anionic polysaccharide largely extracted from brown algae, has become a versatile biomaterial for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and gentle gelation qualities. The peculiar block-copolymeric arrangement of alginate, composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G) residues, governs its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological features via modifications in molecular weight, M/G ratio, and block distribution. This review critically analyzes recent developments in alginate-based hydrogels and particulate systems, focusing on extraction methods, structural characterization, and modification strategies designed to address inherent limitations, including inadequate mechanical strength, uncontrolled degradation, and restricted bioactivity. The impacts of ionic and covalent crosslinking techniques, including egg-box gelation, photo-crosslinking, dual-network formation, and thermo-responsive systems, on rheology, stability, swelling, and controlled drug release behavior are discussed. The paper highlights the expanding biological applications of alginate systems in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, wound healing, controlled and targeted drug delivery, and cell encapsulation. Special emphasis is placed on in vivo efficacy, immunogenicity, toxicity assessments, and regulatory compliance, comprising FDA and EU approvals. We also look at new developments including injectable hydrogels, hybrid scaffolds, and stimuli-responsive alginate composites. Alginate-based platforms comprise a promising category of biomaterials, and continuous developments in molecular modification and crosslinking technologies are projected to boost their translational potential in next-generation pharmacological and biological applications.

Keywords: Alginate hydrogels; Egg-box cross-linking; Bio-polymeric frameworks; Biomedical materials

Keywords:

Alginate hydrogels, Egg-box cross-linking, Bio-polymeric frameworks, Biomedical materials

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i3.7627

Author Biographies

Shiv Kumar Srivastava , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Mahesh Prasad , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Shashi Shankar , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Anant Prakash Pandey , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Abhishek Kumar Singh , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Antesh Kumar Jha , Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, NH-96 Ayodhya–Prayagraj Bypass Road, Faridipur, Sultanpur (U.P.), India, PIN – 228119

References

1. Ghosh S, Singh BP, Webster TJ. Nanoparticle-impregnated biopolymers as novel antimicrobial nanofilms. In: Rai M, dos Santos CA, editors. Biopolymer-Based Nano Films. Elsevier; 2021. p. 269-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823381-8.00017-X PMid:33649389 PMCid:PMC7921396

2. Baranwal J, Barse B, Fais A, Delogu GL, Kumar A. Biopolymer: a sustainable material for food and medical applications. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14:983. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050983 PMid:35267803 PMCid:PMC8912672

3. Satchanska G, Davidova S, Petrov PD. Natural and synthetic polymers for biomedical and environmental applications. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16(8):1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081159 PMid:38675078 PMCid:PMC11055061

4. Sachan N, Pushkar S, Jha A, Bhattacharya A. Sodium alginate: the wonder polymer for controlled drug delivery. J Pharm Res. 2009;2(8):1191-9.

5. Akbar M, Yaqoob A, Ahmad A, Luque R. Sodium alginate: an overview. In: Ahmad A, Ahmad I, Kamal T, Asiri AM, Tabassum S, editors. Sodium Alginate-Based Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment. Elsevier; 2023. p. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823551-5.00012-4 PMid:36727145

6. Kruk K, Winnicka K. Alginates combined with natural polymers as valuable drug delivery platforms. Mar Drugs. 2023;21(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21010011 PMid:36662184 PMCid:PMC9861938

7. Cao L, Lu W, Mata A, Nishinari K, Fang Y. Egg-box model-based gelation of alginate and pectin: a review. Carbohydr Polym. 2020;242:116389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116389 PMid:32564839

8. Wang K. Research progress and application of sodium alginate grafted copolymer composites. Int J Res Eng Sci. 2024;12:238-57.

9. European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. Off J Eur Union. 2008;L354:16-33.

10. Commission of the European Union. Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 laying down specifications for food additives. Off J Eur Union. 2012;L83:1-295.

11. Wang W, Huang Y, Pan Y, Dabbour M, Dai C, Zhou M, He R. Sodium alginate modifications: a critical review of current strategies and emerging applications. Foods. 2025;14(22):3931. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223931 PMid:41300089 PMCid:PMC12652274

12. Zhang J, Zhang S, Liu C, Lu Z, Li M, Hurren C, Wang D. Photopolymerized multifunctional sodium alginate-based hydrogel for antibacterial and coagulation dressings. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;260:129428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129428 PMid:38232887

13. O'Brien R, Hayes M, Sheldrake G, Tiwari B, Walsh P. Macroalgal proteins: a review. Foods. 2022;11(4):571. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11040571 PMid:35206049 PMCid:PMC8871301

14. Abka-Khajouei R, Tounsi L, Shahabi N, Patel AK, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Structures, properties and applications of alginates. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(6):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060364 PMid:35736167 PMCid:PMC9225620

15. Bojorges H, López-Rubio A, Martínez-Abad A, Fabra MJ. Overview of alginate extraction processes: impact on alginate molecular structure and techno-functional properties. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2023;140:104142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104142

16. Hurtado A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Alginate: enhancement strategies for advanced applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9):4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094486 PMid:35562876 PMCid:PMC9102972

17. Kenny HM, Reynolds CM, Garcia-Vaquero M, Feeney EL. Keeping an eye on alginate: innovations and opportunities for sustainable production and diverse applications. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;366:123902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123902 PMid:40733826

18. Dobrinčić A, Balbino S, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Bursać Kovačević D, Elez Garofulić I, Dragović-Uzelac V. Advanced technologies for the extraction of marine brown algal polysaccharides. Mar Drugs. 2020;18:168. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18030168 PMid:32197494 PMCid:PMC7143672

19. Bojorges H, Fabra MJ, López-Rubio A, Martínez-Abad A. Alginate industrial waste streams as a promising source of value-added compounds. Sci Total Environ. 2022;838:156394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156394 PMid:35660439

20. Cajnko MM, Novak U, Likozar B. Cascade valorization of brown alga Laminaria hyperborea by isolation of polyphenols and alginate. J Appl Phycol. 2019;31(6):3915-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01901-x

21. Gao F, Liu X, Chen W, Guo W, Chen L, Li D. Hydroxyl radical pretreatment for low-viscosity sodium alginate production from brown seaweed. FAO AGRIS. 2018;34:191-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.017

22. Fernando IPS, Lee W, Han EJ, Ahn G. Alginate-based nanomaterials: fabrication techniques, properties, and applications. Chem Eng J. 2020;391:123823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123823

23. Ching SH, Bansal N, Bhandari B. Alginate gel particles: a review of production techniques and physical properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57:1133-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.965773 PMid:25976619

24. Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci. 2012;37:106-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003 PMid:22125349 PMCid:PMC3223967

25. Chandel AKS, Ohta S, Taniguchi M, Yoshida H, Tanaka D, Omichi K, et al. Balance of antiperitoneal adhesion, hemostasis, and operability of compressed bilayer ultrapure alginate sponges. Biomater Adv. 2022;137:212825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212825 PMid:35929240

26. Hasnain MS, Jameel E, Mohanta B, Dhara AK, Alkahtani S, Nayak AK. Alginates: sources, structure, and properties. In: Alginates in Drug Delivery. Academic Press; 2020. p. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817640-5.00001-7 PMid:32396716 PMCid:PMC7324861

27. Manzano VE, Pacho MN, Tasque JE, D'Accorso NB. Alginates: hydrogels, their chemistry, and applications. In: Alginates: Versatile Polymers in Biomedical Applications and Therapeutics. CRC Press; 2019. p. 89-130. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429023439-3

28. Lai J, Azad AK, Sulaiman WMAW, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Alshehade SA. Alginate-based encapsulation fabrication technique for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(3):370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030370 PMid:38543264 PMCid:PMC10975882

29. Donati I, Christensen BE. Alginate-metal cation interactions: macromolecular approach. Carbohydr Polym. 2023;321:121280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121280 PMid:37739522

30. Gao SK, Yin R, Wang XC, Jiang HN, Liu XX, Lv W, et al. Structure characteristics, biochemical properties, and pharmaceutical applications of alginate lyases. Mar Drugs. 2021;19:628. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110628 PMid:34822499 PMCid:PMC8618178

31. Sahoo DR, Biswal T. Alginate and its application to tissue engineering. SN Appl Sci. 2021;3:30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-04096-w

32. Choudhary S, Reck JM, Carr AJ, Bhatia SR. Hydrophobically modified alginate for extended release of pharmaceuticals. Polym Adv Technol. 2018;29:198-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4103

33. Frent OD, Vicas LG, Duteanu N, Morgovan CM, Jurca T, Pallag A, et al. Sodium alginate-natural microencapsulation material of polymeric microparticles. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:12108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012108 PMid:36292962 PMCid:PMC9603258

34. Chaturvedi K, Ganguly K, More UA, Reddy KR, Dugge T, Naik B, et al. Sodium alginate in drug delivery and biomedical areas. In: Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications. Elsevier; 2019. p. 59-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817055-7.00003-0

35. Batista PSP, de Morais AMMB, Pintado MME, de Morais RMS C. Alginate: pharmaceutical and medical applications. In: Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices. Springer; 2019. p. 649-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_16

36. Guo X, Wang Y, Qin YM, Shen PL, Peng Q. Structures, properties and application of alginic acid: a review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;162:618-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.180 PMid:32590090

37. Jha AK, Bhattacharya A. Preparation and evaluation of sweet potato starch blended sodium alginate microbeads. Asian J Pharm. 2009;3(4):299-303. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.59955

38. Agüero L, Zaldivar-Silva D, Peña L, Dias ML. Alginate microparticles as oral colon drug delivery device: a review. Carbohydr Polym. 2017;168:32-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.033 PMid:28457455

39. De Volder R, Antoniadou E, Kong H. Enzymatically cross-linked injectable alginate-g-pyrrole hydrogels for neovascularization. J Control Release. 2013;172(1):30-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.010 PMid:23886705

40. Lei L, Zhang Y, He L, Wu S, Li B, Li Y. Fabrication of nanoemulsion-filled alginate hydrogel to control digestion behavior of hydrophobic nobiletin. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2017;82:260-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.051

41. Ayal G, Belay A, Kahaliw W. Evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of Calpurnia aurea leaves in mice. Wound Med. 2019;25:100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2019.100151

42. Makarova AO, Derkach SR, Khair T, Kazantseva MA, Zuev YF, Zueva OS. Ion-induced polysaccharide gelation: peculiarities of alginate egg-box association with different divalent cations. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(5):1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051243 PMid:36904484 PMCid:PMC10007407

43. Cao J, Wu B, Yuan P, Liu Y, Hu C. Research progress of sodium alginate-based hydrogels in biomedical engineering. Gels. 2025;11:758. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11090758 PMid:41002532 PMCid:PMC12469324

44. Malektaj H, Drozdov AD, deClaville Christiansen J. Mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels cross-linked with multivalent cations. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15:3012. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15143012 PMid:37514402 PMCid:PMC10386690

45. Abasalizadeh F, Moghaddam SV, Alizadeh E, et al. Alginate-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment and wound dressing applications. J Biol Eng. 2020;14:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-020-0227-7 PMid:32190110 PMCid:PMC7069202

46. Zheng G, Xue C, Cao F, Hu M, Li M, Xie H, et al. Effect of uronic acid composition of alginate/collagen hybrid hydrogels on chondrocyte behavior. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1118975. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1118975 PMid:36959903 PMCid:PMC10027720

47. Kapatsila S, Taras R, Varchuk D, Nosova N, Varvarenko S, Samaryk V. Influence of calcium crosslinker form on alginate hydrogel properties. Gels. 2025;11:885. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11110885 PMid:41294570 PMCid:PMC12652881

48. Abourehab MAS, Rajendran RR, Singh A, Pramanik S, Shrivastav P, Ansari MJ, et al. Alginate as a promising biopolymer in drug delivery and wound healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16):9035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169035 PMid:36012297 PMCid:PMC9409034

49. Lee KY, Rowley JA, Eiselt P, Moy EM, Bouhadir KH, Mooney DJ. Controlling mechanical and swelling properties of alginate hydrogels by cross-linker type and density. Macromolecules. 2000;33:4291-4. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9921347

50. Gao Y, Jin X. Dual crosslinked methacrylated alginate hydrogel micron fibers and tissue constructs. Mar Drugs. 2019;17(10):557. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17100557 PMid:31569386 PMCid:PMC6836215

51. Zhao S, Cao M, Li H, Li L, Xu W. Synthesis and characterization of thermo-sensitive semi-IPN hydrogels based on PEG-co-PCL, N-isopropylacrylamide, and sodium alginate. Carbohydr Res. 2010;345:425-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.014 PMid:20031120

52. Narayana S, Gowda BHJ, Hani U, Ahmed MG, Asiri ZA, Paul K. Smart poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Gels. 2025;11:207. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11030207 PMid:40136912 PMCid:PMC11942434

53. Yadav J, Chahal S, Kumar P, Kumar C. Thermo-responsive smart hydrogels: molecular engineering and therapeutic applications. Gels. 2026;12:12. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12010012 PMid:41590038 PMCid:PMC12840686

54. Sun J, Tan H. Alginate-based biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Materials (Basel). 2013;6(4):1285-309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6041285 PMid:28809210 PMCid:PMC5452316

55. Do UT, Nguyen QT, Kim J, Luu QS, Park Y, Song M, et al. Tailored synthesis of pH-responsive biodegradable microcapsules incorporating gelatin, alginate, and hyaluronic acid. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;270(Pt 1):132178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132178 PMid:38735614

56. Farshidfar N, Iravani S, Varma RS. Alginate-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mar Drugs. 2023;21(3):189. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21030189 PMid:36976238 PMCid:PMC10056402

57. Ciarlantini C, Francolini I, Silvestro I, Mariano A, Scotto d'Abusco A, Piozzi A. Design of bioactive and biomimetic scaffolds based on chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes. Carbohydr Polym. 2024;327:121684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121684 PMid:38171693

58. Banihashemian SA, Zamanlui Benisi S, Hosseinzadeh S, Shojaei S, Abbaszadeh HA. Chitosan/hyaluronan and alginate-nanohydroxyapatite biphasic scaffold for osteoarthritis disorders. Adv Pharm Bull. 2024;14(1):176-91. https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.005 PMid:38585453 PMCid:PMC10997938

59. Aderibigbe BA, Buyana B. Alginate in wound dressings. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10:42. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020042 PMid:29614804 PMCid:PMC6027439

60. Stoica AE, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM. Nanomaterials for wound dressings: an up-to-date overview. Molecules. 2020;25:2699. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112699 PMid:32532089 PMCid:PMC7321109

61. Sharfi L, Nowroozi MR, Smirnova G, Fedotova A, Babarykin D, Mirshafiey A. Safety properties of sodium alginate and its derivatives. Br J Healthc Med Res. 2024;11(1). https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.111.16126

62. Nazeri S, Khadem Azarian S, Fattahi MJ, Sedaghat R, Tofighi Zavareh F, Aghazadeh Z, et al. Preclinical and pharmacotoxicology evaluation of α-L-guluronic acid (G2013). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2017;39(2):59-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2017.1282512 PMid:28145788

63. Biney E, Asare D, Cheong KL, Zhong HJ, Zhong S, Sathuvan M. Alginate oligosaccharides in the food industry: emerging functional roles and applications. Food Chem X. 2025;31:103155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103155 PMid:41211146 PMCid:PMC12590445

64. Shahrbabak SM, Jalali SM, Fadaei Fathabadi M, Tayebi-Khorrami V, Amirinejad M, Forootan S, et al. Modified alginates for precision drug delivery. Int J Pharm X. 2025;10:100381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100381 PMid:40933609 PMCid:PMC12419010

65. Stachowiak N, Kowalonek J, Kozlowska J, Burkowska-But A. Stability, biodegradation, and mechanical properties of sodium alginate and gellan gum beads. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(11):2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15112568 PMid:37299365 PMCid:PMC10255418

66. Venkatachalam K, Charoenphun N, Nitikornwarakul C, Lekjing S. Effect of sodium alginate concentration on gel beads encapsulating Citrus reticulata peel extract. Gels. 2025;11(10):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100808 PMid:41149413 PMCid:PMC12564219

67. Wang W, Huang Y, Pan Y, Dabbour M, Dai C, Zhou M, He R. Sodium alginate modifications: a critical review. Foods. 2025;14(22):3931. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223931 PMid:41300089 PMCid:PMC12652274

68. Adamiak K, Sionkowska A. State of innovation in alginate-based materials. Mar Drugs. 2023;21:353. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21060353 PMid:37367678 PMCid:PMC10302983

69. Román-Guerrero A, Cortés-Camargo S, Alpizar-Reyes E, Fabela-Morón MF, Cruz-Olivares J, Velázquez-Gutiérrez SK, Pérez-Alonso C. Chemically modified alginate-based hydrogel matrices in drug delivery. Macromol. 2025;5:36. https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol5030036

70. Zdiri K, Cayla A, Elamri A, Erard A, Salaun F. Alginate-based bio-composites and their potential applications. J Funct Biomater. 2022;13(3):117. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030117 PMid:35997455 PMCid:PMC9397003

Published

2026-03-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 117
PDF Downloads: 102
PDF Downloads: 35

How to Cite

1.
Srivastava SK, Prasad M, Shankar S, Pandey AP, Singh AK, Jha AK. Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Particulate Systems: Preparation Techniques, Adaptations, and Utilizations in Pharmaceutical Delivery and Biomedical Research. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 15 [cited 2026 Apr. 18];16(3):180-91. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/7627

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 3 (2026): Volume 16, Issue 3, March 2026

Section

Review

Copyright (c) 2026 Shiv Kumar Srivastava , Mahesh Prasad , Shashi Shankar , Anant Prakash Pandey , Abhishek Kumar Singh , Antesh Kumar Jha

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

How to Cite

1.
Srivastava SK, Prasad M, Shankar S, Pandey AP, Singh AK, Jha AK. Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Particulate Systems: Preparation Techniques, Adaptations, and Utilizations in Pharmaceutical Delivery and Biomedical Research. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 15 [cited 2026 Apr. 18];16(3):180-91. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/7627
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC