Comparative effect of Kolaviron and Bryophyllum pinnatum extract on apoptotic biomarker in aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats
Abstract
This study compared the neuroprotective potentials of kolaviron and ethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on apopotic biomarkers (ERK, TNF-α and BDNF) in AlCl₃-induced neurotoxicity. Forty-two male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were allocated to seven groups: Normal control; AlCl₃ only (100 mg/kg AlCl₃); Kolaviron only (Kv, 200 mg/kg); Crassulaceae only (Cr, 600 mg/kg); AlCl₃ + Kv; AlCl₃ + Cr; and AlCl₃ + Kv + Cr. Treatments were administered orally for 28 days. Results shows that ERK (%) was 100.0 ± 4.3 (Control), 320.1 ± 2.1 (AlCl₃), 90.2 ± 4.5 (Kv), 95.7 ± 5.1 (Cr), 150.2 ± 10.3 (AlCl₃+Kv), 185.7 ± 9.8 (AlCl₃+Cr) and 172.4 ± 8.7 (AlCl₃+Kv+Cr). Serum TNF‑α (pg/mL) was 22.00 ± 11.43 (Control), 254.0 ± 5.41 (AlCl₃), 26.00 ± 10.68 (Kv), 22.05 ± 11.92 (Cr), 112.90 ± 2.02 (AlCl₃+Kv), 180.20 ± 48.96 (AlCl₃+Cr) and 27.35 ± 4.19 (AlCl₃+Kv+Cr). The results of BDNF (ng/mL) in control group was 2.50 ± 0.30 and 1.5 ± 0.20 in AlCl₃ group. The results showed significant (p<0.05) increased in ERK and TNF-α in AlCl₃ group with a corresponding deceased in BDNF in AlCl₃ group when compared with control. But, interventions with Kolaviron and Crassulaceae decreased ERK and TNF-α with a concurrent increased in BDNF level. Kolaviron more strongly suppressed TNF-α and ERK hyperactivation, whereas Crassulaceae more effectively restored BDNF. The combined treatment produced more amelioration, substantially lowering ERK and TNF-α and improving BDNF toward control levels, attenuating the damaging effect of AlCl₃ on the brain cells.
Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Kolaviron; Bryophyllum pinnatum; Aluminium chloride; ERK; TNF-α; BDNF.
Keywords:
ERK; TNF-α; BDNF, Neurodegeneration, Kolaviron Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aluminium chlorideDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i3.7613References
1. Muralidharan P, Swetha C, Ameliorative effect of grape seed oil on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity on rats, Asian J. Biochem. Genet. Mol. Biol. 2023;14(2):23-30. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310
2. Anyanwu GE, Nwachukwu IJ, Oria SR, Obasi KK, Ekwueme EP, Nto JN, Anyanwu NC. Fisetin attenuates AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine release in adult albino Wistar rats. Toxicology Reports, 2024;13:101812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101812 PMid:39624221 PMCid:PMC11609245
3. Jadhav R, Kulkarni YA, Effects of baicalein with memantine on aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats, Frontier Pharmacology, 2023;14: 1034620 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1034620 PMid:36909151 PMCid:PMC9992210
4. Exley C, The chemistry of human exposure to aluminum, Neurotox. Alum. Second, Ed. 2023:33-37, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1592-7_2
5. Selvakumar P. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile review of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Biomed Biotechnol Res J (BBRJ). 2022;6(3):295-301 https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_126_22
6. Hosomi JK, Facina ADS, Simões MJ, Nakamura MU. Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum administration on wistar rat pregnancy: Biochemical and Histological Aspects. Complement Med Res. 2022;29(1):35-42 https://doi.org/10.1159/000517508 PMid:34237738
7. Ogidigo JO, Anosike CA, Joshua PE, Ibeji CU, Nwanguma BC, Nwodo OFC. Neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum flavonoids against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2021;32(4):243-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2021.1995557 PMid:34663170
8. Kanu KC, Ijioma SN, Atiata O. Haematological, biochemical and antioxidant changes in Wistar rats exposed to dichlorvos-based insecticide formulation used in Southeast Nigeria. Toxics, 2016;4(4):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4040028 PMid:29051431 PMCid:PMC5606651
9. Mahmoud YK, Ali AA, Abdelrazek HMA, Aldayel TS, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Menyawy MAI. Neurotoxic effect of fipronil in male Wistar rats: Ameliorative effect of L-arginine and L-carnitine. Biology, 2021;10(7):682. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070682 PMid:34356537 PMCid:PMC8301478
10. Ajiboye BO, Akinleye MO, Akindahunsi AA. Neuroprotection of kolaviron by regulation of Nrf2 signaling in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021;11(3):25-34.
11. Gabriel OU. Hepato-protective potentials of Bryophyllum pinnatum against doxorubicin induced liver damage in wistar rats. 2025;28 (01):943-956. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3510
12. Justin AB, Gabriel OU, Favour AN, Clement IE, Benedict I. (2025). Cardio-protective potentials of Bryophylum pinnatum against doxorubicin induced heart impairment in Wistar rat. 2025;28(01):957-971. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3513
Published
Abstract Display: 88 
PDF Downloads: 112 PDF Downloads: 18 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriel Ujong, Justin Atiang Beshel, Rademene Orie , Favour-Ann Kyrian Nwoke , Clement Ikani Ejim, Benedict Idam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.