Indian Medicinal Plants with Multiple Pharmacological Efficacies: A Comprehensive Review

Authors

Abstract

Medicinal herbs have long been utilized by numerous countries, ethnic groups, and cultures across the globe to treat various diseases since ancient times. A variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, proteins, chlorophyll, phytosterols, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and diterpenes, as well as minerals, vitamins and other crucial nutrients are abundantly found in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants and herbs are very useful for developing new drugs due to their potent pharmacological properties. Traditional Indian system of medicines consists of a wealth of information on medicinal plants, which contributed to developing therapies for communicable and non-communicable diseases. The present review summarizes the pharmacological characteristics such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of some valuable medicinal plants and herbs.

Keywords: Indian medicinal plants; Bioactive constituents; Pharmacological efficacies.

Keywords:

Indian medicinal plants, Bioactive constituents, Pharmacological efficacies

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6347

Author Biographies

Krishnan Harish, PhD. Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

PhD. Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shanmugam Manoharan Sivasankaran, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University.

PhD. Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shanmugam Manoharan, Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

References

Poddar S, Sarkar T, Choudhury S, Chatterjee S, Ghosh P. Indian traditional medicinal plants: A concise review. Int. j. botany stud.2020;5(5):174-90.

Rajcevic N, Bukvicki D, Dodos T, Marin PD. Interactions between natural products—A review. Metabolites. 2022;12(12):1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121256

Adhikari PP, Paul SB. History of Indian traditional medicine: a medical inheritance. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res.2018;11(1):421-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.21893

Singh S. A review on some medicinal plant species with the most traditional medicinal usage in India.Int. J. Biol. Innov. 2023; 5(1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2023.5103

Mali RP, Rao PS, Jadhav RS. A review on pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera. J. drug deliv. ther. 2019;9(3-s):947-51. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2870

Shrivastava A, Singh S, Singh S. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of Calotropis procera. Int. j. sci. res. publ. 2013;3(3):1-4.

Yesmin MN, Uddin SN, Mubassara S, Akond MA. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Calotropis procera Linn. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci.2008;4(5):550-3.

Roy S, Sehgal R, Padhy BM, Kumar VL. Antioxidant and protective effect of latex of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.2005;102(3):470-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.026

Ahmad MB, Gwarzo MY, Anwar S. Antioxidative and anti-hyperglycaemic effect of calotropis procera in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J. Med. Plant Res.2016;10(5):54-8. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2014.5704

Oliveira JS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Bezerra DP, Alencar NM, Marinho-Filho JD, Figueiredo IS, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Alves AP, Ramos MV. In vivo growth inhibition of sarcoma 180 by latex proteins from Calotropis procera. Naunyn-Schmiedeb. Arch. Pharmacol.2010;382:139-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-010-0525-6

Babu AS, Karki SS. Antiinflammatory activity of various extracts of roots of Calotropis procera against different inflammation models. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011;3(3):191-4.

Wadhwani BD, Mali D, Vyas P, Nair R, Khandelwal P. A review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological potential of Calotropis procera. RSC Adv. 2021;11(57):35854-35878. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA06703F

Dhama K, Sharun K, Gugjoo MB, Tiwari R, Alagawany M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Thakur P, Iqbal HM, Chaicumpa W, Michalak I, Elnesr SS. A comprehensive review on chemical profile and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum. Food Rev. Int.2023;39(1):119-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230

Dasgupta, T.; Rao, A. R.; Yadava, P. K. Chemomodulatory Efficacy of Basil Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) on Drug Metabolizing and Antioxidant Enzymes, and on Carcinogen-induced Skin and Forestomach Papillomagenesis. Phytomedicine. 2004, 11(2–3), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00289

Jayasinghe C, Gotoh N, Aoki T, Wada S. Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(15):4442-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034269o

Shiwakoti S, Saleh O, Poudyal S, Barka A, Qian Y, Zheljazkov VD. Yield, composition and antioxidant capacity of the essential oil of sweet basil and holy basil as influenced by distillation methods. Chem. Biodivers. 2017;14(4):e1600417. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600417

Moghaddam AM, Shayegh J, Mikaili P, Sharaf JD. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extract of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves on a variety of pathogenic bacteria. J. Med. Plants Res. 2011;5(15):3453-6.

Issazadeh K, MAJID KP, Massiha A, Bidarigh S, Giahi M, ZULFAGAR MP. Analysis of the Phytochemical Contents and Anti-microbial Activity of Ocimum basilicum L.Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2012;2:141-147.

Bayala B, Bassole IH, Gnoula C, Nebie R, Yonli A, Morel L et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso. PLoS one. 2014;9(3):e92122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092122

Bae AH, Kim G, Seol GH, Lee SB, Lee JM, Chang W, Min SS. Delta- and mu-opioid pathways are involved in the analgesic effect of Ocimum basilicum L in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;250:112471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112471

Abd El-Azim MH, Abdelgawad AA, El-Gerby M, Ali S, El-Mesallamy AM. Phenolic compounds and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J. Microb. Biochem. Technol. 2015;7(4):182-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000202

Rehan T, MacEwan D, Shah N, Rehan T, Tahira R, Murad S, et al. Apoptosis of leukemia cells by Ocimum basilicum fractions following TNF alpha induced activation of JNK and caspase 3. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2019;25(34):3681-91. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191011100826

Akhtar MS, Munir M. Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats. J.ethnopharmacol. 1989;27(1-2):163-76. Akhtar MS, Munir M. Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats. J.ethnopharmacol. 1989;27(1-2):163-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3

Anka ZM, Singh VS, GIMBA S. The pharmacological activities of various extracts from Terminalia arjuna bark: A review.Int. j. curr. med. pharm. res.2011;5(12(A)). http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/23956429.ijcmpr201912xxx

Mandal S, Patra A, Samanta A, Roy S, Mandal A, Mahapatra TD, Pradhan S, Das K, Nandi DK. Analysis of phytochemical profile of Terminalia arjuna bark extract with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(12):960-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60186-0

Amalraj A, Gopi S. Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(1):65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.003

Row LR, Murty PS, Rao GS, Sastry CS, Rao KV. Chemical examination of Terminalia species. XII. Isolation & structure determination of arjunic acid, a new trihydroxytriterpene carboxylic acid from Terminalia arjuna bark. Indian J. Chem. 1970;8:716-721.

Aneja KR, Sharma C, Joshi R. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.: An ethnomedicinal plant against pathogens causing ear infection. Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol.2012;78(1):68-74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1808-86942012000100011

Shastry Viswanatha GL, Vaidya SK, Ramesh C, Krishnadas N, Rangappa S. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of bark extract of Terminalia arjuna. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med.2010;3(12):965-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60010-2

Gauthaman K, Maulik M, Kumari R, Manchanda SC, Dinda AK, Maulik SK. Effect of chronic treatment with bark of Terminalia arjuna: a study on the isolated ischemic-reperfused rat heart. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75(2-3):197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00183-0

Parmar HS, Panda S, Jatwa R, Kar A. Cardio-protective role of Terminalia arjuna bark extract is possibly mediated through alterations in thyroid hormones. Pharmazie. 2006;61(9):793-5.

Ram A, Lauria P, Gupta R, Kumar P, Sharma VN. Hypocholesterolaemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree bark. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1997;55(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01493-6

Khan F, Sarker MMR, Ming LC, Mohamed IN, Zhao C, Sheikh BY et al. Comprehensive Review on Phytochemicals, Pharmacological and Clinical Potentials of Gymnema sylvestre. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1223. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01223

Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Gymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/830285

Kanetkar P, Singhal R, Kamat M. Gymnema sylvestre: A Memoir. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007;41(2):77-81. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2007010

Li Y, Zheng MI, Zhai X, Huang Y, Khalid A, Malik A, Shah P et al. Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, Citrullus colocynthis and Artemisia absinthium on blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic human. Acta Pol Pharm. 2015;72(5):981-5.

David BC, Sudarsanam G. Antimicrobial activity of Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae). J. Acute Dis.2013;2(3):222-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60131-6

Nakkala JR, Mata R, Bhagat E, Sadras SR. Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles from Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract: study of antioxidant and anticancer activities. J Nanopart Res. 2015;17:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-2957-x

Agrawal RC, Soni S, Jain N, Rajpoot J, Maheshwari SK. Chemopreventive effect of Gymnema sylvestre in Swiss albino mice. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 2016;6(1):78-83.

Arun LB, Arunachalam AM, Arunachalam KD, Annamalai SK, Kumar KA. In vivo anti-ulcer, anti-stress, anti-allergic, and functional properties of gymnemic acid isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R Br. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-70

Ahirwal L, Singh S, Dubey MK, Bharti V, Mehta A, Shukla S. In vivo immunomodulatory effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre in Swiss albino mice. Arch. Biol. Sci.2015;67(2):561-70. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS141027018A

Raju SK, Kumar S, Sekar P, Murugesan M, Karthikeyan M, Elampulakkadu et al. Therapeutic and Pharmacological Efficacy of Achyranthes aspera Linn.: An Updated Review. J. drug deliv. ther.2022;12(3):202-14. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5468

Goyal BR, Goyal RK, Mehta AA. PHCOG rev.: plant review phyto-pharmacology of Achyranthes aspera: a review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007;1(1):143-50.

Pandey G, Rao CV, Gupta SS, Verma KK, Singh M. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn.(Prickly Chaff Flower). European j. med. Plants.2014;4(6):695. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2014/8786

Ndhlala AR, Ghebrehiwot HM, Ncube B, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Šubrtová M, et al. Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic Activities and Characterisation of Functional Phenolic Acids of Achyranthes aspera Linn.: A Medicinal Plant Used for the Treatment of Wounds and Ringworm in East Africa. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6:274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00274

Qadir MI, Khan TJ, Abbas G, Ahmad B, Janbaz KH, Ali M. Antibacterial activity of Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) isolated fractions of chloroform extracts of seeds of Achyranthes aspera. J. Chem. Soc. Pak.2012;34(3). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A294567937/AONE?u=anon~d4a2aec1&sid=googleScholar&xid=f4f305e8

Prasad SH, Swapna NL, Anthonamma K, Rajasekhar D. Antimicrobial activity of Achyranthes aspera and Aerva lanata leaf and callus extracts. Biosci. Biotechnol. Res. Asia.2016;6(2):887-91. https://www.biotech-asia.org/?p=9118

Omidiani N, Datkhile KD, Barmukh RB. Anticancer potentials of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. Not Sci Biol. 2020;12(3):546-55. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb12310764

Anand M, Ranjitha J, Alagar M, Selvaraj V. Phytoconstituents from the roots of Achyranthes aspera and their anticancer activity. Chem Nat Compd. 2017;53:189-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-1946-y

Vijayaraj R, Kumar KN, Mani P, Senthil J, Jayaseelan T, Kumar GD. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera seed extract and its effect on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Biol Pharm Res. 2016;7:23-8.

Khanna AK, Chander R, Singh C, Srivastava AK, Kapoor NK. Hypolipidemic activity of Achyranthus aspera Linn in normal and triton induced hyperlipemic rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol.1992;30(2):128-30.

Vetrichelvan T, Jegadeesan M. Effect of alcohol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on acute and subacute inflammation. Phytother Res. 2003;17(1):77-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1070

Neha B, Jannavi R, Sukumaran P. Phyto-pharmacological and biological aspects of vitex negundo medicinal plant-A review. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2021;33(29A):17-32.

Singh Y, Mishra P, Kannojia P. Morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Vitex negundo: an overview. J. drug deliv. ther. 2020;10(3-s):280-5. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4173

Kulkarni RR, Virkar AD, D'mello P. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of Vitex negundo. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2008;70(6):838. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040892/

Gangwar AK, Ghosh AK, Saxena V. Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo linn roots. Int. J. Herb. Med.2015;2(6):01-2.

Singh P, Mishra G, Jha KK, Garg VK, Khosa RL. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of leaves of Vitex negundo Linn.(Verbenaceae). International. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 2010;2:1686-90.

Chitra V, Sharma S, Kayande N. Evaluation of anticancer activity of Vitex negundo in experimental animals: An in vitro and in vivo study. Int J PharmTech Res. 2009;1(4):1485-9.

Janakiraman M, Jeyaprakash K. Nephroprotective effect of Vitex negundo linn. on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015:706-15. https://www.wjpsonline.com/index.php/wjps/article/view/nephroprotective-vitex-negundo-cisplatin-induced-nephrotoxicity

Gonde DP, Bhole BK, Kakad KS. Andrographolide, diterpenoid constituent of Andrographis paniculata: Review on botany, phytochemistry, molecular docking analysis, and pharmacology. Ann Pharm Fr. 2023:S0003-4509(23)00111-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001

Roy S, Rao K, Bhuvaneswari CH, Giri A, Mangamoori LN. Phytochemical analysis of Andrographis paniculata extract and its antimicrobial activity. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.2010;26:85-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0146-8

Bharati BD, Sharma PK, Kumar N, Dudhe R, Bansal V. Pharmacological activity of Andrographis paniculata: a brief review. Pharmacologyonline. 2011;2(1):10.

Yu BC, Chen WC, Cheng JT. Antihyperglycemic effect of andrographolide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta medica. 2003;69(12):1075-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-45185

Sheeja K, Shihab PK, Kuttan G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant Andrographis paniculata Nees. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(1):129-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923970600626007

Banerjee S, Kar A, Mukherjee PK, Haldar PK, Sharma N, Katiyar CK. Immunoprotective potential of Ayurvedic herb Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) against respiratory viral infections–LC–MS/MS and network pharmacology analysis. Phytochem. Anal.2021;32(4):629-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3011

Mishra K, Dash AP, Swain BK, Dey N. Anti-malarial activities of Andrographis paniculata and Hedyotis corymbosa extracts and their combination with curcumin. Malar. J.2009;8(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-26

Gour R. Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn Plant: A Review–One Plant with Many Therapeutic Uses. Int.J Pharm. Sci. Med.2021;6(4):25-41. https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i04.003

Mahesh AR, Kumar H, Ranganath MK, Devkar RA. Detail study on Boerhaavia diffusa plant for its medicinal importance-A Review. Res J Pharm Sci. 2012;1(1):28-36.

Umamaheswari A, Nuni A, Shreevidya R. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. leaves. Int. J. Green Pharm. 2010;4(2).75-78. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.63879

Venkatesh P, Dinakar A, Senthilkumar N. Screening of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa and anisochilus carnosus. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2013;5(2):208-11.

Bharali R, Azad MR, Tabassum J. Chemopreventive Action of Boerhaavia Diffusa on DMDA-induced Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2003;47(4):459-64.

Nisha M, Vinod BN, Sunil C. Evaluation of Boerhavia erecta L. for potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Future J. Pharm. Sci. 2018;4(2):150-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fjps.2017.12.001

Wu TS, Shi LS, Kuo SC. Alkaloids and other constituents from Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry. 1999;50(8):1411-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01086-8

Chhatre S, Nesari T, Somani G, Kanchan D, Sathaye S. Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014;8(15):45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3931200/

Satvati SA, Shooriabi M, Amin M, Shiezadeh F. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial activity of Tribulus terrestris, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis, and Allium hirtifolium Boiss against Enterococcus faecalis. Int. J. Enteric Pathog.2017;5(2):63-7. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijep.2017.15

Abdulqawi LN, Quadri SA. Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of Tribulus terrestris L. Fruits. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021;14(1):331-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00061.5

Oh JS, Baik SH, Ahn EK, Jeong W, Hong SS. Anti-inflammatory activity of Tribulus terrestris in RAW264. 7 Cells (54.2). J Immunol. 2012;188(1_Supplement):54-2. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.Supp.54.2

Samani NB, Jokar A, Soveid M, Heydari M, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med.2016;21(4):NP91-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216650775

Reshma PL, Binu P, Anupama N, Vineetha RC, Abhilash S, Nair RH, Raghu KG. Pretreatment of Tribulus terrestris L. causes anti-ischemic cardioprotection through MAPK mediated anti-apoptotic pathway in rat. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;111:1342-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.033

Torres MAO, de Fátima Braga Magalhães I, Mondêgo-Oliveira R, de Sá JC, Rocha AL, Abreu-Silva AL. One Plant, Many Uses: A Review of the Pharmacological Applications of Morinda citrifolia. Phytother Res. 2017;31(7):971-979. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5817

Inada AC, Figueiredo PS, Santos-Eichler RAD, Freitas KC, Hiane PA, Castro AP et al. Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) and Its Potential in Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060540

Jayaraman SK, Manoharan MS, Illanchezian S. Antibacterial, antifungal and tumor cell suppression potential of Morinda citrifolia fruit extracts. Int. J. Integr. Biol. 2008;3(1):44-9.

Algenstaedt P, Stumpenhagen A, Westendorf J. The Effect of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit Juice on the Blood Sugar Level and Other Serum Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Type 2. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3565427. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3565427

Lv L, Chen H, Ho CT, Sang S. Chemical components of the roots of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and their cytotoxic effects. Fitoterapia. 2011;82(4):704-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.008

Wang MY, Peng L, Anderson G, Nowicki D. Breast cancer prevention with Morinda citrifolia (noni) at the initiation stage. Funct. Foods Health Dis. 2013;3(6):203-22. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i6.53

Saminathan M, Rai RB, Dhama K, Jangir BL, Suresh S, Ranganath GJet al. Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice on antioxidant, hematological and biochemical parameters in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) induced mammary carcinogenesis in sprague-dawley rats. Int. J. Pharmacol.2014;10(2):109-19. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2014.109.119

Uma G, Maheswari SU. Neuroprotective effects of polyherbal formulation (Indian) on noni scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2014;6(1):354-7.

Shamsuddin T, Alam MS, Junaid M, Akter R, Hosen SMZ, Ferdousy S, Mouri NJ. Adhatoda vasica (Nees.): A Review on its Botany, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Toxicity. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(14):1925-1964. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557521666210226152238

Rashmi PA, Mathew L. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in comparison with vasicine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2012 Jan 1;2(3):S1556-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60452-3

Patel VK, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H. In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasika Linn.(leaf extract) on gingival inflammation--a preliminary report. Indian J Med Sci. 1984; 38: 70-72

Basit A, Shutian T, Khan A, Khan SM, Shahzad R, Khan A, Khan S, Khan M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of leaf extract of Justicia adhatoda L. (Acanthaceae) in Carrageenan and Formalin-induced models by targeting oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;153:113322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113322

Kumar S, Singh R, Dutta D, Chandel S, Bhattacharya A, Ravichandiran V, Sukla S. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Justicia adhatoda Leaves with Special Emphasis on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Molecules. 2022;27(23):8222. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238222

Gulfraz M, Ahmad A, Asad MJ, Afzal U, Imran M, Anwar P, et al. Antidiabetic activities of leaves and root extracts of Justicia adhatoda Linn against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Afr. J. Biotechnol.2011;10(32):6101.

Dangi A, Patel S, Yaduvanshi PS. Phytochemical screening and assessment of Adhatoda vasica (Leaf) for antiasthmatic activity. Panacea j. pharm. pharm. sci. 2015; 4(3):680-704.

Shrivastava N, Srivastava A, Banerjee A, Nivsarkar M. Anti-ulcer activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees. J. Herb. Pharmacother. 2006;6(2):43-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/J157v06n02_04

Sathiyanarayanan L, Arulmozhi S. Mucuna pruriens Linn.-A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007;1(1):157-162.

Yadav MK, Upadhyay P, Purohit S, Pandey BL, Shah H. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Mucuna pruriens: A review. Int. J. Green Pharm.2017;11(2):69-73.

Rayavarapu AK, DSVGK K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens on plant pathogens. Asian J. Biochem. Pharmaceut. Res. 2011, 2(1):593-600.

Kumar DS, Muthu AK, Smith AA, Manavalan R. In vitro antioxidant activity of various extracts of whole plant of Mucuna pruriens (Linn). Int. J. Pharmtech Res. 2010;2(3):2063-70.

Rachsee A, Chiranthanut N, Kunnaja P, Sireeratawong S, Khonsung P, Chansakaow S, Panthong A. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. seed extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;267:113518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113518

Seetharamaiah S, Muddappa VS, Krishnaswamy MB, Vasappa RK. Antineoplastic Effects of Mucuna pruriens Against Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04598-4

Bhaskar A, Nithya V, Vidhya VG. Phytochemical evaluation by GC-MS and antihyperglycemic activity of Mucuna pruriens on streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2011;3(5):689-96.

Pandey A, Negi PS. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Neolamarckia cadamba: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;181:118-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.036

Islam T, Das A, Shill KB, Karmakar P, Islam S, Sattar MM. Evaluation of membrane stabilizing, anthelmintic, antioxidant activity with phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits. J. Med. Plant Res.2015;9(5):151-8. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2014.5720

Moe NS, Swar AK, Myint SH. A Study on Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemical Constituents Extracted from the Stem Bark of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (Ma-u) Maubin Universit Research Journal.2020;11:162-172. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12678/0000007109

Pandey A, Negi PS. Phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial mechanisms of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits extracts. Nat. Prod. Res. 2018;32(10):1189-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1323209

Bussa SK, Jyothi P. Antidiabetic activity of stem bark of Neolamarckia cadamba in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Technol. 2010;2(2):314-24.

Das S, Shakya R, Mazumder A, Bhati K, Das MK. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Potential of Stem Bark of Neolamarckia cadamba against Chloroform and Over dose of Iron Dextran Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Swiss Albino Mice. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res.2022;56(1):191-8. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.1.22

Razali S, Firus Khan AY, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Abdul Wahab R, Zakaria ZA. An In Vitro Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Leaves' Extract and its Metabolite Profile. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:741683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.741683

Yuan HL, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Liu YP, Yu HF, Zhu PF et al. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Neolamarckia cadamba and its bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020;260:113103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113103

Kallianpur SS, Gokarn RA, Rajashekhar N. Identity of Ṭankari (Physalis minima Linn.) in Ayurvedic classics: A literature review. Anc. Sci. Life.2016;36(1):6-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5255973/

Lem FF, Yong YS, Goh S, Chin SN, Chee FT. Withanolides, the hidden gem in Physalis minima: A mini review on their anti-inflammatory, anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Food Chem. 2022;377:132002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132002

Nathiya M, Dorcus D. Preliminary phytochemical and anti-bacterial studies on Physalis minima Linn. Int. J. Curr. Sci. 2012;2012:24-30.

Khan MA, Khan H, Khan S, Mahmood T, Khan PM, Jabar A. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Physalis minima Linn. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem .2009;24(3):632-7, https://doi.org/10.1080/14756360802321120

Singh SH, Parkash P. Evaluation of anti-oxidant activity of Physalis minima. Chem Sci Trans. 2014;3:1179-85.

Sathis Kumar D, Raju SN, Harani A, Banji D, Rao KN, Banji O. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory And Hypoglycemic Activities Of Physalis Minima Extract. Pharmacogn. J.2009;1(4):273-278.

Leong OK, Muhammad TS, Sulaiman SF. Cytotoxic activities of Physalis minima L. chloroform extract on human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H23 cell lines by induction of apoptosis. Evid.-based Complement. Altern. Med. 2011;2011:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep057

Tammu J, Ramana KV, Thalla S. Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Physalis minima leaves. Int. J. PharmTech Res. 2013;5(2): 337-340.

Joseph L, Ravi C. Physalis minima L. Fruit-A Promising Approach To Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chin. Med.2022;2:100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2021.100038

Ratdiya V, Aher A. Asparagus racemosus: a review on pharmacognostic characters, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Curr Trends Pharm Pham Chem. 2020;2(3):18-23.

Alok S, Jain SK, Verma A, Kumar M, Mahor A, Sabharwal M. Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari): A review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(3):242–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60049-3

Kamat JP, Boloor KK, Devasagayam TP, Venkatachalam SR. Antioxidant properties of Asparagus racemosus against damage induced by gamma-radiation in rat liver mitochondria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(3):425-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00176-8

Patel LS, Patel RS. Antimicrobial activity of Asparagus racemosus wild from leaf extracts–a medicinal plant. Int. j. sci. res. publ. 2013;3(3):2250-3153.

Uma B, Prabhakar K, Rajendran S. Anticandidal activity of Asparagus racemosus. Indian J. Pharm. Sci.2009;71(3):342-3, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865803/

Mitra SK, Prakash NS, Sundaram R. Shatavarins (containing Shatavarin IV) with anticancer activity from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Indian J. Pharmacol.2012;44(6):732-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523501/

Mangal A, Panda D, Sharma MC. Peptic ulcer healing properties of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd.).Indian J. Tradit. Knowl.2006:5(2):227-228. http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/6843

Hannan JM, Ali L, Khaleque J, Akhter M, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YH. Antihyperglycaemic activity of Asparagus racemosus roots is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of cellular insulin action. Br. J. Nutr.2012;107(9):1316-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511004284

Ahmad MP, Perween T, Singh S, Sinha R, Hussain A, Wahab S, Jha AK. Hepatoprotective activity of aspargus racemosus root extract on lipopolysaccharide induced oxidative stress in rats. Univers. J. Pharm. Res. 2019;4(1):7-11. https://doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v4i1.232

Iweala EJ, Uche ME, Dike ED, Etumnu LR, Dokunmu TM, Oluwapelumi AE, et al. Curcuma longa (Turmeric): Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicity profiles-A review. Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine. 2023;6:100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100222

Pandey G, Madhuri S. Pharmacological activities of Ocimum sanctum (tulsi): a review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2010;5(1):61-6.

Islas JF, Acosta E, Zuca G, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Moreno-Treviño MG, Escalante B, Moreno-Cuevas JE. An overview of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and its potential impact on health. J. Funct. Foods.2020;74:104171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104171

Sohel MD. Pharmacologicals and phytochemicals potential of Abutilon indicum: A Comprehensive Review. Am. j. biosci.2015;3(2-1):5-11. http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajbio

Rahman S, Parvin R. Therapeutic potential of Aegle marmelos (L.)-An overview. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis.2014;4(1):71-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60318-2

Alhassan AM, Ahmed QU. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci.2016;8(4):265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5314823/

Mahendran G, Rahman LU. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.)-A review. Phytother Res. 2020;34(9):2088-2139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6664

El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, G Wasef L, Elewa YHA, A Al-Sagan A, Abd El-Hack ME et al. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):872. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872

Priyadarshi A, Ram B. A review on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity of Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res.2018;9(10):4071-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(10).4071-78

Jamal G, Parveen R, Khan MA, Srivastava V, Mustafa S, Ahmad S, Husain SA. A Review on Valeriana wallichii: Chemical composition and pharmacological research. Curr. Tradit. Med. 2023 Aug 1;9(4):55-71. https://doi.org/10.2174/2215083808666220914123526

Al-Snafi AE. The pharmacological activities of Cuminum cyminum-A review. IOSR J. Pharm.2016;6(6):46-65.

Mahendran G, Verma SK, Rahman LU. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.): A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;278:114266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114266

Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.2013;3(5):337-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1

Nille GC, Mishra SK, Chaudhary AK, Reddy KRC. Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Review on Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.: A Special Insight to Antidiabetic Property. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:647887. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1

Zahr S, Zahr R, El Hajj R, Khalil M. Phytochemistry and biological activities of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon: An update. J. Herb. Med. 2023;41:100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100737

Kumar P. A review on the pharmaceutical activity of Solanum surattense. GSC Adv. Res. Rev. 2021;7(3):038-44. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.3.0128

Rambhau SS, Ravindra DP, Prasad P, Prabhakharrao DS. Phytochemical & Pharmacological activity of Agnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis linn. f)–A review. Int J Ayurvedic Herbal Med. 2014;4:1615-21.

Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2013;93(9):2084-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6111

Alam W, Khan H, Khan SA, Nazir S, Akkol EK. Datura metel: A Review on Chemical Constituents, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(22):2545-2557. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200519113752

Roy A. Pharmacological activities of Indian Heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum L.): a review. J. pharmacogn. phytochem.2015;4(3):101-4.

Singh N, Yadav SS, Kumar S, Narashiman B. Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and clinical studies on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Food Biosci. 2022;46:101546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101546

Balakrishnan R, Vijayraja D, Jo SH, Ganesan P, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Medicinal profile, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Murraya koenigii and its primary bioactive compounds. Antioxidants. 2020;9(2):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020101

Bhasin S, Singh M, Singh D. Review on bioactive metabolites of Withania somnifera.(L.) Dunal and its pharmacological significance. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2019;8(3):3906-9.

Padayachee B, Baijnath HJ. An updated comprehensive review of the medicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. S. Afr. J. Bot.2020;129:304-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.021

Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. 2020;25(6):1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324

Published

2024-01-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 981
PDF Downloads: 751
PDF Downloads: 208

How to Cite

1.
Harish K, Sivasankaran SM, Manoharan S. Indian Medicinal Plants with Multiple Pharmacological Efficacies: A Comprehensive Review. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2024 Jan. 15 [cited 2026 Feb. 1];14(1):143-54. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/6347

How to Cite

1.
Harish K, Sivasankaran SM, Manoharan S. Indian Medicinal Plants with Multiple Pharmacological Efficacies: A Comprehensive Review. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2024 Jan. 15 [cited 2026 Feb. 1];14(1):143-54. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/6347

Most read articles by the same author(s)