The Current Trends in Microspheres: A Review
A REVIEW
Abstract
The idea of targeted drug delivery is to concentrate the treatment in the target tissues while lowering the relative concentration of the drug in the non-target tissues. As a result, the medication is concentrated at the desired location. As a result, the medication has no effect on the tissues nearby. Therefore, by combining the drug with a carrier particle like microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, etc. that regulates the release and absorption characteristics of the drug, carrier technology offers an intelligent way for drug delivery. Microspheres are naturally biodegradable powders made of proteins or synthetic polymers that flow freely and preferably have a particle size of less than 200 m. If improved, it is the trustworthy method for maintaining the desired concentration at the site of interest without unfavourable effects and reliably delivering the drug to the target site with specificity. Microspheres attracted a lot of interest for their sustained release as well as their ability to direct anti-cancer medications to the tumour. Microspheres will play a key role in novel drug delivery in the future by fusing together a variety of other strategies, especially in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene & genetic materials, safe, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery, and supplements as miniature representations of diseased organs and tissues in the body.
Keywords: Microspheres, controlled release, Types of microspheres, Methods of preparation, characterisation of microspheres, applications.
Keywords:
Microspheres, controlled release, Types of microspheres, Methods of preparation, characterisation of microspheres, applications
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References
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2. Chein YW. Oral Drug Delivery Systems: In Novel drug delivery systems. Vol.50, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 1992, 139- 177.
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10. Vyas S.P. and Khar R.K, Targeted and Controlled drug delivery: 07 Edition, 418.
11. Ramteke K.H, Jadhav V.B, Dhole S.N: Microspheres: as carriers used for novel drug delivery system IOSR Journal of Pharmacy: 2012:2(4):44-48. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-24204448
12. Giri Prasad B. S, Gupta V. R., Devanna N, Jayasurya K: Microspheres As Drug Delivery System - A Review Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences
13. Patel J. Bioadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of controlled or targeted drug delivery system.
14. Li SP, Kowalski CR, Feld KM, Grim WM. Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment. Drug Deivery Ind. Pharm. 1988; 14: 353-76. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639048809151975
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17. Najmuddin M., Ahmed A., Shelar S, Patel V, Khan T. Floating Microspheres Of Ketoprofen: Formulation and Evaluation, International Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2(2):83-87.
18. Yadav AV, Mote HH. Development of Biodegradable Starch Microspheres for Intranasal Delivery, Indian Journal of pharmaceutical Sciences. 2008; 70(2):170-74. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.41450
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30. Yadav R, Bhowmick M, Rathi V, Rathi J, Design and characterization of floating microspheres for rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019; 9(2-s):76-81
31. Bodmeier R, Chen H. Preparation and characterization of microspheres containing the anti- inflammatory agents, indomethacin, ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Journal of controlled release. 1989; 10(1989):167-175 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(89)90059-X
32. Sinha VR, Agrawal MK, Kumria R. Influence of formulation and excipient variables on the pellet properties prepar ed by extraction spheronization. Current drug delivery. 2005; 2(1):1-8 https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201052772898
33. Kawashima Y, Niwa T, Takeuchi H, Hino T, Itoh Y. Charecterization of polymorphs of trabilast anhydrate and tranilast monohydrates when crystallized by two solvent change spherical crystallization techniques. Journal of pharmaceutical science. 1991; 80(5):472-478 https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600800515
34. Mahale MM, Saudagar RB, Microsphere: a review, Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics 2019; 9(3-s):854-856
35. More S, Gavali K, Doke O, Kasgawade P, Gastroretentive drug delivery system, Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics 2018; 8(4):24-35 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i4.1788
36. Gavhane P, Deshmukh M, Khopade AN, Kunjir VV, Shete RV. A review on microsphere. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021 Jan 15; 11(1):188-94. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4501
37. Kushwaha N, Jain A, Jain PK, Khare B, Jat YS, An Overview on Formulation and Evaluation Aspects of Tablets. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 2022; 2(4):35-39 https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.23
38. Lin CY, Lin SJ, Yang YC, Wang DY, Cheng HF, Yeh MK. Biodegradable polymeric microsphere-based vaccines and their applications in infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:650-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1009345
39. Kohn J, Niemi SM, Albert EC, Murphy JC, Langer RS, Fox JG. Single-step immunization using a controlled release, biodegradable polymer with sustained adjuvant activity. J Immunol Methods 1986; 95:31-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90314-5
40. Gupta RK, Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the development of single-dose controlledrelease vaccines. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1998; 32:225-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00012-X
41. Nellore RV, Pande PG, Young D, Bhagat HR. Evaluation of biodegradable microspheres as vaccine adjuvant for Hepatitis B surface antigen. J Parenteral Sci Tech 1992; 46:176-80. 42. Desai KG, Schwendeman SP. Active self-healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens in PLGA microspheres. J Controlled Release 2013; 165:62-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.012
43. Cui Y, Cui P, Chen B, Li S, Guan H. Monoclonal antibodies: formulations of marketed products and recent advances in novel delivery system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:519-30 https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2017.1278768
44. Sailaja AK, Anusha K, Jyothika M. Biomedical applications of microspheres. J Modern Drug Discovery Drug Delivery Res 2015; 4:1-5.
45. Adamson P, Wilde T, Dobrzynski E, Sychterz C, Polsky R, Kurali E, et al. Single ocular injection of a sustained-release anti-VEGF delivers 6 mo pharmacokinetics and efficacy in a primate laser CNV model. J Controlled Release 2016; 244:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.026
46. Stern M, Ulrich K, Geddes DM, Alton EWFW. Poly (D, L-lactideco-glycolide)/DNA microspheres to facilitate prolonged transgene expression in airway epithelium in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1282-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3301994
47. Liu W, Borrell MA, Venerus DC, Mieler WF, Kang Mieler JJ. Characterization of biodegradable microsphere-hydrogel ocular drug delivery system for controlled and extendedrelease of ranibizumab. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:264-74 https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2018.1533983
48. Lubben IMVD, Kersten G, Fretz MM, Beuvery C, Verhoef JC, Junginger HE. Chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria: oral and nasal efficacy studies in mice. Vaccine 2003; 21:1400-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00686-2
49. Rathananand M, Kumar DS, Shirwaikar A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Prasad RS. Preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery by spray drying. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007; 69:651-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.38470
50. Pereswetoff Morath L. Microspheres as nasal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Delivery Rev Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1998; 29:185-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00069-0
51. Nigam J, Pandey P, Mishra MK. Formulation and evaluation of anti-emetic microspheres for nasal drug delivery system. Indian J Novel Drug Delivery 2017; 9:44-53.
52. Saez VC, Hernandez JR, Peniche C. Microspheres as delivery systems for the controlled release of peptides and proteins. Biotecnol Aplicada 2007; 24:108-16.
53. Ma G. Microencapsulation of protein drugs for drug delivery: strategy, preparation, and applications. J Controlled Release 2014; 193:324-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.003
54. Thundimadathil J. Peptide therapeutics: strategy and tactics for chemistry manufacturing and controls. In: Srivastava V. editor. Formulations of microspheres and nanoparticles for peptide delivery. 1st edition. Cryodon: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2019. p. 503-30. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016445-00503
55. Rajput MS, Agrawal P. Microspheres in cancer therapy. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47:458-68. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.73547
56. Capron A.C., Locht C. and Fracchia G.N. Vaccine, 1994; 12:66 https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(94)90275-5
57. Nachts S. and Martin K. In: The microsponges a novel topical programmable delivery formulation, Marcel Dekker Inc.,Newyork., 1990; 299.
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68. https://www.nutropin.com/
2. Chein YW. Oral Drug Delivery Systems: In Novel drug delivery systems. Vol.50, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 1992, 139- 177.
3. Mathew Sam T., Devi Gayathri S., PrasanthV.V., Vinod B; NSAIDs as microspheres, The Internet Journal of Pharmacology. 2008; 6(1):67-73. https://doi.org/10.5580/48f
4. Li, S.P., Kowalski C.R., Feld K.M., Grim W.M. Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment, Drug Dev Ind. Pharm. 14, 1988, 353-376. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639048809151975
5. Thakur D, M.pharm, presentation on introduction, advantage, disadvantage, and ideal properties of microsphere, slideshare. Published on Oct 17, 2016.
6. Sree Giri P B, Gupta V.R.M, Devanna N, Jayasurya K. Microspheres as drug delivery system - A review. JGTPS. 2014; 5(3):1961 -72.
7. Ghulam M., Mahmood A., Naveed A., Fatima R.A., Comparative study of various microencapsulation techniques. Effect of polymer viscosity on microcapsule charecterestics, Pak.J.Sci. 2009; 22(3):291-300.
8. Li, S.P., Kowalski C.R., Feld K.M., Grim W.M., Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment, Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 14, 1988, 353-376. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639048809151975
9. Alagusundaram. M, Madhu Sudana Chetty.C, Umashankari.K, Attuluri Venkata Badarinath, Lavanya.C and Ramkanth.S. Microspheres as a Novel Drug Delivery System - A Review. International Journal of ChemTech Research. 2009; 1(3):526-534.
10. Vyas S.P. and Khar R.K, Targeted and Controlled drug delivery: 07 Edition, 418.
11. Ramteke K.H, Jadhav V.B, Dhole S.N: Microspheres: as carriers used for novel drug delivery system IOSR Journal of Pharmacy: 2012:2(4):44-48. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-24204448
12. Giri Prasad B. S, Gupta V. R., Devanna N, Jayasurya K: Microspheres As Drug Delivery System - A Review Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences
13. Patel J. Bioadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of controlled or targeted drug delivery system.
14. Li SP, Kowalski CR, Feld KM, Grim WM. Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment. Drug Deivery Ind. Pharm. 1988; 14: 353-76. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639048809151975
15. Patel JK. Www.Pharmainfo.Net/Reviews/Bioadhesive microspheres- review, 24th Nov 2010.
16. Chandrawanshi P, Patidar H. Magnetic microsphere: As targeted drug delivery. J. of Pharmacy Res. 2009.
17. Najmuddin M., Ahmed A., Shelar S, Patel V, Khan T. Floating Microspheres Of Ketoprofen: Formulation and Evaluation, International Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2(2):83-87.
18. Yadav AV, Mote HH. Development of Biodegradable Starch Microspheres for Intranasal Delivery, Indian Journal of pharmaceutical Sciences. 2008; 70(2):170-74. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.41450
19. Chowdary KPR, Yarraguntla SR. Mucoadhesive microsphere for controlled drug delivery. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2004; 1717-24. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1717
20. Saralidze K, Leo H., Koole, Menno L, Knetsch W. Polymeric Microspheres for Medical Applications, Materials. 2010; 3:3357- 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3063537
21. Trivedi P, Verma AML, Garud N. Preparation and Characterization of Acclofenac Microspheres, Asian Journal of pharmaceutics. 2008; 2(2): 110-15. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.42498
22. Suvarna V, microspheres: a brief review, Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015; 5(47):13-19. https://doi.org/10.15272/ajbps.v5i47.713
23. https://www.freund-vector.com/coating-and-granulation-technology-seminar-16-successful-years/spray-drying/
24. Sahil K, Akanksha M, Premjeet S, Bilandi A, Kapoor B. Microsphere: A review. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem. 2011; 1(4):1184-98.
25. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-representation-of-the-solvent-evaporation-process-for-the-manufacture-of_fig1_343325985
26. http://www.gate2tech.com/IMG/jpg/single_em ulsion.jpg
27. Prasanth V.V., Moy A. C., Mathew S. T., Mathapan R., Microspheres An overview, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2011; 2:332-338.
28. http://www.gate2tech.com/IMG/jpg/double_e mulsion.jpg.
29. Kawashima Y, Niwa T, Takeuchi H, T. Hino, Y. Ito, Preparation of multiple unit hollow microspheres (microbal loons) with acrylic resin containing tranilast and their drug release characteristics (in vitro) and floating behavior (in vivo). J. Control. Release, 16, 1991, 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(91)90004-W
30. Yadav R, Bhowmick M, Rathi V, Rathi J, Design and characterization of floating microspheres for rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019; 9(2-s):76-81
31. Bodmeier R, Chen H. Preparation and characterization of microspheres containing the anti- inflammatory agents, indomethacin, ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Journal of controlled release. 1989; 10(1989):167-175 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(89)90059-X
32. Sinha VR, Agrawal MK, Kumria R. Influence of formulation and excipient variables on the pellet properties prepar ed by extraction spheronization. Current drug delivery. 2005; 2(1):1-8 https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201052772898
33. Kawashima Y, Niwa T, Takeuchi H, Hino T, Itoh Y. Charecterization of polymorphs of trabilast anhydrate and tranilast monohydrates when crystallized by two solvent change spherical crystallization techniques. Journal of pharmaceutical science. 1991; 80(5):472-478 https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600800515
34. Mahale MM, Saudagar RB, Microsphere: a review, Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics 2019; 9(3-s):854-856
35. More S, Gavali K, Doke O, Kasgawade P, Gastroretentive drug delivery system, Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics 2018; 8(4):24-35 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i4.1788
36. Gavhane P, Deshmukh M, Khopade AN, Kunjir VV, Shete RV. A review on microsphere. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021 Jan 15; 11(1):188-94. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4501
37. Kushwaha N, Jain A, Jain PK, Khare B, Jat YS, An Overview on Formulation and Evaluation Aspects of Tablets. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 2022; 2(4):35-39 https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.23
38. Lin CY, Lin SJ, Yang YC, Wang DY, Cheng HF, Yeh MK. Biodegradable polymeric microsphere-based vaccines and their applications in infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:650-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1009345
39. Kohn J, Niemi SM, Albert EC, Murphy JC, Langer RS, Fox JG. Single-step immunization using a controlled release, biodegradable polymer with sustained adjuvant activity. J Immunol Methods 1986; 95:31-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90314-5
40. Gupta RK, Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the development of single-dose controlledrelease vaccines. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1998; 32:225-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00012-X
41. Nellore RV, Pande PG, Young D, Bhagat HR. Evaluation of biodegradable microspheres as vaccine adjuvant for Hepatitis B surface antigen. J Parenteral Sci Tech 1992; 46:176-80. 42. Desai KG, Schwendeman SP. Active self-healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens in PLGA microspheres. J Controlled Release 2013; 165:62-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.012
43. Cui Y, Cui P, Chen B, Li S, Guan H. Monoclonal antibodies: formulations of marketed products and recent advances in novel delivery system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:519-30 https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2017.1278768
44. Sailaja AK, Anusha K, Jyothika M. Biomedical applications of microspheres. J Modern Drug Discovery Drug Delivery Res 2015; 4:1-5.
45. Adamson P, Wilde T, Dobrzynski E, Sychterz C, Polsky R, Kurali E, et al. Single ocular injection of a sustained-release anti-VEGF delivers 6 mo pharmacokinetics and efficacy in a primate laser CNV model. J Controlled Release 2016; 244:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.026
46. Stern M, Ulrich K, Geddes DM, Alton EWFW. Poly (D, L-lactideco-glycolide)/DNA microspheres to facilitate prolonged transgene expression in airway epithelium in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1282-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3301994
47. Liu W, Borrell MA, Venerus DC, Mieler WF, Kang Mieler JJ. Characterization of biodegradable microsphere-hydrogel ocular drug delivery system for controlled and extendedrelease of ranibizumab. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:264-74 https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2018.1533983
48. Lubben IMVD, Kersten G, Fretz MM, Beuvery C, Verhoef JC, Junginger HE. Chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria: oral and nasal efficacy studies in mice. Vaccine 2003; 21:1400-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00686-2
49. Rathananand M, Kumar DS, Shirwaikar A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Prasad RS. Preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery by spray drying. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007; 69:651-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.38470
50. Pereswetoff Morath L. Microspheres as nasal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Delivery Rev Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1998; 29:185-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00069-0
51. Nigam J, Pandey P, Mishra MK. Formulation and evaluation of anti-emetic microspheres for nasal drug delivery system. Indian J Novel Drug Delivery 2017; 9:44-53.
52. Saez VC, Hernandez JR, Peniche C. Microspheres as delivery systems for the controlled release of peptides and proteins. Biotecnol Aplicada 2007; 24:108-16.
53. Ma G. Microencapsulation of protein drugs for drug delivery: strategy, preparation, and applications. J Controlled Release 2014; 193:324-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.003
54. Thundimadathil J. Peptide therapeutics: strategy and tactics for chemistry manufacturing and controls. In: Srivastava V. editor. Formulations of microspheres and nanoparticles for peptide delivery. 1st edition. Cryodon: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2019. p. 503-30. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016445-00503
55. Rajput MS, Agrawal P. Microspheres in cancer therapy. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47:458-68. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.73547
56. Capron A.C., Locht C. and Fracchia G.N. Vaccine, 1994; 12:66 https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(94)90275-5
57. Nachts S. and Martin K. In: The microsponges a novel topical programmable delivery formulation, Marcel Dekker Inc.,Newyork., 1990; 299.
58. Kalyan Shweta, Sharma Parmod Kumar et al. Recent Advancement In Chitosan Best Formulation And Its Pharmaceutical Application. Pelagia Research Library. 2010; 1(3):195-210.
59. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/mesacol-tablet-dr-505968
60. https://www.rxlist.com/asacol-drug.htm#description
61. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/sazo-500-tablet-681957
62. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/intazide-750mg-capsule-48271
63. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/colospa-tablet-428337
64. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/cyclominol-20mg-tablet-292290
65. https://www.1mg.com/drugs/decapeptyl-0.1mg-injection-37857
66. https://www.arestin.com/
67. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-9846/risperdal-oral/details
68. https://www.nutropin.com/
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Ingle TG, Pande SD, Sawarkar R, Padole D. The Current Trends in Microspheres: A Review. JDDT [Internet]. 15Jan.2023 [cited 30Apr.2024];13(1):183-94. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5915
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