Effect of the combination of Silybrum marianum and Lycopodium clavatum on some biological markers for monitoring chronic hepatitis B virus patients
Abstract
Viral hepatitis B is a disease for which no curative treatment is available to date. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Silybrum marianum and Lycopodium clavatum preparations on the biological parameters of viral hepatitis B follow-up.
Material and methods: This was a longitudinal study of a period of 5 months. The study population consisted of consenting chronic hepatitis B patients. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information and medical history of the patients. One Step Rapid Test HBV-2210305 and Biolabo kits were used to test for serological parameters and transaminases. The viral load was determined using the real-time PCR technique. The decoctions were made from the leaves and rhizomes of Sylibum marianum associated with the floral juice of Lycopodium clavatum. The evaluation of the effect of the decoction was done by comparing the values of parameters between the beginning and after 3 months of treatments.
Results: Seven out of nine patients were chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus in active phase. After 90 days of treatment, we noted the persistence of AgHbs in all patients but a disappearance of AgHbe in 75% of patients. Mean transaminase activity and viral load decreased significantly after treatment (P=0.045).
Conclusion: The preparation of a decoction of Silybrum marianum and Lycopodium clavatum leads to normalization of Alanine Amino transferase activities (AAT), loss of HBe antigen and decrease of viral load after three months of treatment.
Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B, Silybrum marianum, Lycopodium clavatum, decoctions, transaminase activity and viral load.
Keywords:
Chronic hepatitis B, Silybrum marianum, Lycopodium clavatum, decoctions, transaminase activity, viral loadDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i2.5736References
World Health Organization. Hepatitis B World Health Organization,2020; Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance Response. WHO/CDS/CRS/LYO/2015.2.
Kurbanov F, Tanaka Y, Fujiwara K, Sugauchi F, Mbanya D, Zekeng L, Ndembi N, Ngansop C, Kaptue L, Miura T, Ido E, Hayami M, Ichimura H, Mizokami M "A new subtype (subgenotype) Ac (A3) of hepatitis B virus and recombination between genotypes A and E in Cameroon" Journal of general Virology, 2017; 86:2047-2056. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80922-0
Bigna J, Marie A, Serra L, Angeladine M, Steve R, Elodie T, Jean J, "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis "British Medical Journa, 2016; 6:101-136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28667212/
Raffetti E, Fattovich G, Donato F,"Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in untreated subjects with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis" J Hepatol ,2016; 36:1239 51. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/liv.13142 https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13142
Akpemi, A.M, (). Cytotoxicity Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Cochlospermum tinctorium Perr Ex A. RichRhizome. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science , 2012; 2(7):155159.https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1073687359?and_facet_journal=jour.113798
Zoulim F, Locarnini S, (2009)" Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues" Gastroenterology , 2009; 137:1593-608. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.063
Djiguiba M. Evaluation de trois recettes dans le traitement traditionnel de l'hépatite B au Mali.Thèsedepharmacie, 2005; 94p.
Mouzouvi R, Djègo J, Sehonou J, Lalèyè A, Priuli F, Bigot A" Effet de l'association Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae) et Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae) dans la prise en charge de l'hépatite virale B. Série Pharm Journal of African Traditional Medicine, 2014; 17(1):10-14. https://www.google.com/search?q
Nencini C, Giorgi G, Micheli Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain" Phytomedicine,2006; 2:1-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16638633/
Gordon A, Hobbs D, Bowden D, (2006)" Effects of Silybum marianum on serum hepatitis C virus RNA, alanine aminotransferaselevels and well-being in patients with chronic hepatitis C" Journal of Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006; 21:275-280. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16460486/ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04138.x
Samadder A, Das S, Das J, Paul A, Boujedaini N, KhudaBukhsh AR, "The potentized homeopathic drug, Lycopodium clavatum (5C and 15C) has anti-cancer effect on Hela cells in vitro" Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies, 2013; 6(4):180-187. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972240/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2013.04.004
Dehmlow C, Erhard J, de Groot H "Inhibition of Kupffer cell functions as an explanation for the hepatoprotective properties of silibinin" Hepatology,1996; 23(4): 54-749. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8666328/ https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510230415
Da S, Barros P, Silva G, Landi M "Hepatoprotective effect of Lycopodium clavatum 30 CH on experimental model of paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats" Homeopathy, 2015; 104:29-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25576269/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2014.05.005
Freedman N, Curto T, Morishima C, Seeff L, Goodman Z "Silymarin use and liver disease progression in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis trial" Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2011; 33:127-137. https://www.google.com/search?q https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04503.x
Neumann U, Biermer M, Eurich D, Neuhaus P, Berg T,"Successful prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver graft reinfection by silibinin mono-therapy" Journal of Hepatol 2010; 52(6):951-2. https://www.google.com/search?q https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.02.002
Hamid K, Zahra S, Sayed Mehdi H,Taghi G, Vahid S, (2011)"Effects of silybum marianum on patients with chronic hepatitis" Journal of Reseach in Medical Sciences , 2011; 16(3): 287-90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22091246/ 17. Marie A, Serra L, Asangbeh, Steve R, Noumegni N, Elodie T"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis" Journal of Infectious diseases, 2016. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/6/e015298 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015298
European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL) " Clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection" J Hepatol, 2017; 64(6):1388-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.004
Benmarce Y, Assas N, Chaalal A, La silymarine (chardon-marie), de puissantes propriétés anticancéreuses et hépatoprotectrices. Mémoire de master en Toxicologie et Santé; 2016. P1-36. https://www.google.com/search?q=Benmarce
Alaoui SE . Valorisation de deux plantes marocaines Melia azedarach et Silybum marianum. Thèse de doctorat en Chimie et environnement ; 2016. P.106-107. http://www.abhatoo.net.ma/maalama-textuelle/developpement
Tietz . Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. 1996 ; 3rd ed. AACC
Liaw YF, Lok A " Follow-up and indications for liver biopsy in HBe Ag-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection with persistently normal ALT: a systematic review" Journal Hepatol, 2012; 57:196 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.11.030
Bréchot C "Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: old and newparadigms"Gastroenterolog, 2004; 127:S5661.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016508504015951. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.016
Fomulu J, Morfaw F, Torimiro J "Prevalence, correlates and pattern of Hepatitis B among antenatal clinic attenders in Yaounde-Cameroon: is perinatal transmission of HBV neglected in Cameroon" BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2013; 13:158. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23924215 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-158
Djiguiba M. Evaluation de trois recettes dans le traitement traditionnel de l'hépatite B au Mali.Thèsedepharmacie, 2005; 94p.
Mouzouvi R, Djègo J, Sehonou J, Lalèyè A, Priuli F, Bigot A" Effet de l'association Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae) et Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae) dans la prise en charge de l'hépatite virale B. Série Pharm Journal of African Traditional Medicine, 2014; 17(1):10-14. https://www.google.com/search?q
Nergard C, Diallo D, Inngjerdingen K, Michaelsen T, Matsumoto T, Kiyohara H" Medicinal use of Cochlospermum tinctorium in Mali, Anti-ulcer, radical scavenging and immunomodulating activites of polymers in the aqueous extracts of the roots" Journal of. Ethnopharmacol, 2005; 96:255-269. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15588678/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.018
Wilasrusmee C, Kittur S, Shah G, Siddiqui J, Bruch D, Wilasrusmee S, Kittur D, (2002)" Immunostimulatory effect of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) extract" Journal of Medicine Sciences,2002; 8:439-443. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12444368
Anton G, Hartmut H, Schmidt "Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: A narrative review"Adv Ther, 2020; 37:12791301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065376/
Okonkwo U, Aluka A, Ezedinachi E" Effects of silymarin on treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B Infection- A randomized controlled trial" Journal of Infectious Diseases Ther, 2014; 48(6):121-135.https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access-pdfs/effects-of-silymarin-on-treatment-nave-patients-2332-0877.1000168.pdf
Yang P, Althage A, Chung J, Maier H, Wieland S, Isogawa M, Chisari FV,"Immune effectors required for hepatitis B virus clearance" Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 2010; 107:798802. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20080755/ https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913498107
Published



How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).