The complex pathophysiology of urolithiasis (kidney stones) and the effect of combinational drugs

Most common urology diseases (Kidney stone disease): A brief review.

Authors

  • Meenakshi Malhotra Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-1479
  • Pooja Tandon Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8498-899X
  • Kritika Wadhwa Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-0618
  • Indu Melkani Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5956-0470
  • Ajeet Pal Singh Academic Dean and Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.
  • Amar Pal Singh Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Abstract

Body organs are very crucial when it comes to homeostatically maintaining them. If any changes occur in their function, it may lead to the development of diseases in the body. The kidney is one of the functionalised organs that is connected with the ureter and urinary bladder, which is basically the lower part of the body. The kidney priorly controls the volume of various body fluids, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and the removal of toxins. Any dis-balance in the function of the kidney can generate a disease like renal calculi (kidney stone), chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), urinary tract infections (UTI), etc. Kidney stones (KS) are prevalent worldwide, affecting 15% of individuals. A stone arranged into various sizes may be micro, macro, and nano or found as mono or polycrystalline forms. The names of the two most common kidney stones, calcium and non-calcium stones (Uric acid stones, struvite stones, cysteine stones, and drug-induced KS), are determined primarily by their composition. Calcium stones are commonly found in individuals, approximately 80% of KS. This review provided recent details on kidney stone symptoms, etiology, psychophysiology, and management perspective.

Keywords: Kidney disease, calcium stone, renal calculi, chronic kidney disease, Polycystic kidney disease.

Keywords:

Kidney disease, calcium stone, renal calculi, chronic kidney disease, Polycystic kidney disease

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5-S.5718

Author Biographies

Meenakshi Malhotra, Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Pooja Tandon, Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Kritika Wadhwa, Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Research Scholar, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Indu Melkani, Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Ajeet Pal Singh, Academic Dean and Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Academic Dean and Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Amar Pal Singh, Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

Associate professor, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT(R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India.

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Published

2022-10-15
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How to Cite

1.
Malhotra M, Tandon P, Wadhwa K, Melkani I, Singh AP, Singh AP. The complex pathophysiology of urolithiasis (kidney stones) and the effect of combinational drugs: Most common urology diseases (Kidney stone disease): A brief review. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2022 Oct. 15 [cited 2025 Oct. 25];12(5-S):194-20. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5718

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 5-S (2022): Volume 12, Issue 5-S, Sep-Oct 2022

Section

Review

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How to Cite

1.
Malhotra M, Tandon P, Wadhwa K, Melkani I, Singh AP, Singh AP. The complex pathophysiology of urolithiasis (kidney stones) and the effect of combinational drugs: Most common urology diseases (Kidney stone disease): A brief review. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2022 Oct. 15 [cited 2025 Oct. 25];12(5-S):194-20. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5718
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