Antioxidant Activities and GCMS Analysis of Anacardium occidentale L. Fruits

Abstract

Anacardium occidentale belongs to the family Anacardiaceae is a tropical evergreen tree with spreading branches which are supported by aerial roots that go down into the soil to form the 'props'. The milky latex is applied externally for treating pains in rheumatism and in lumbago. The infusion of the bark is used against dysentery, diarrhoea and diabetes. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis of ethanol and aqueous fruit extracts of Anacardium occidentale. The antioxidant assays such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O₂^.‑) radical, ABTS^●+ radical cation scavenging activities, phoshomolybdenum reduction and Fe³⁺ reduction activities were carried out for ethanol and aqueous fruit extracts. The maximum DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity for ethanol extract was 93.33±0.23 at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC₅₀ was 38.29 μg/mL concentration. The maximum superoxide (O₂^.‑) radical scavenging activity was 75±0.25 at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC₅₀ was 38.52 μg/mL concentration for ethanol extract. The maximum ABTS^●+ radical cation scavenging activity for ethanol extract was 82.57±0.37 at 30 µg/mL concentration and the IC₅₀ was 11.13 μg/mL concentration. The maximum phosphomolybdenum reduction was 92.94±0.19 at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC₅₀ was 17.75 μg/mL concentration for ethanol extract. The maximum Fe³⁺ reduction for ethanol extract was 75.99±0.31 at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC₅₀ was 40.48 μg/mL concentration. GC-MS analysis showed different ester derivative compounds present in the ethanol fruit extract of Anacardium occidentale exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities.

Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O₂^.‑) radical, ABTS^●+ radical cation GC-MS analysis.