Oral and Intraperitoneal Acute Toxicity Studies of Sesamum radiatum Aqueous Leaf Extract in Female Wistar Rats
Abstract
Background and aims: Sesamum radiatum leaves are commonly used by African and Ivorian people in particular to treat various diseases. However, few studies have been done on the pharmacological properties and even less on the acute toxicity of this medicinal plant in Côte d'Ivoire. Also, the present work was carried out in order to contribute to correcting this through a comparative study of the acute oral and intraperitoneal toxicity of the aqueous extract of the leaves (ESera) in the female Wistar rat.
Méthodes: According to the modified OECD 423 method, 2 groups of 6 rats were treated with ESera at 50 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in a single dose respectively by intraperitoneal and oral administration in comparison with the control group (NaCl 0.9 %). Dice weighing at regular intervals of 2 days of body weight and the removal of some organs and blood samples at the end of the 14-day observation period allowed the measurement of biological parameters.
Results: Irrespective of the administration route, ESera did not cause clinical signs of suffering, behavior change and death in rats. The morphology and the relative weight of the organs (heart, kidneys, liver and lungs) were not modified. Treated animals exhibited weight growth kinetics similar to those of the controls. Greater weight gains (p < 0.05) were obtained with ESera. The study carried out on the blood samples showed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in certain hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The changes observed were greater with ESera 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration.
Conclusion: Sesamum radiatum aqueous extract did not cause death or organ changes in rats during the 14 days of observation.However, in order to better determine its toxicity, other studies must be carried out due to the disturbances observed in hematological parameters, transaminases and electrolytes.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, Hematological parameters, Biochemical parameters, Organ biometry
Keywords:
Acute toxicity, Hematological parameters, Biochemical parameters, Organ biometry
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References
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[22] Konan BA, Amonkan KA, Ahui MLB, Bouafou KGM, Kouakou KL, Kpahé ZF, Datté YJ. Myostimulating effects of Sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract in isolated guinea-pig Taenia caeci contractile activity. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011; 8(4):377-385. https://doi.org/10.4314%2Fajtcam.v8i4.6
[23] Konan BA. Bouafou KGM, Kouakou KL, Bléyéré NM, Amonkan KA, Zannou-Tchoko JV, Ahui MLB, Datté YJ. Effects of Sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract on rhythmic contractions of uterine smooth muscle bundles from pregnant rats. International Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research. 2012; 2(4):82-89. https://doi.org/10.5963/LSMR0204005
[24] Konan BA, Bouafou KGM, Bléyéré NM, Zannou-Tchoko V, Amonkan KA, Datté YJ. Acute toxicity study and effects of sesame (Sesamum radiatum) aqueous leaf extract on rabbit’s electrocardiogram. International Journal of Biomolecules & Biomedicine. 2012; 2(1):17-27. https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1397421.V1
[25] Koko BK, Konan BA, Kouacou FKA, Djétouan JMK, Amonkan KA. Galactogogue effect of Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous leaf extract on milk production in female Wistar rats. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2019; 7(9):51-65. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2019.79006
[26] Allo FY, Méïté S, Konan BA, Datté YJ. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of the aqueous leaf extract of Lippia multiflora. Asian Journal of Emerging Research. 2020; 2(1): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.3923/AJERPK.2020.43.53
[27] Konan BA, Kpahé ZF, Koko KB, Adepo YP. Diuretic activities of root bark aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Parquetina nigrescens. I-Effects on urinary excretion in Wistar rat. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(3):57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5318
[28] Amonkan KA, Konan BA, Djétouan KJM. Effects of Ficus exasperata root bark aqueous and ethanolic 70 % extracts on urinary excretion in Wistar rat. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2022; 10(1):20-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajps-10-1-4
[29] OCDE. Série sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes. ENV/MC/CHEM. 1998 ; 98: 17. https://doi.org/10.1787/20777868
[30] Europeen Union. Commission implementing decision of 14 november 2012 establishing a common format the submission of the information pursuant to Directive 2010/63/EU of the Europeen parliament and the council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (notified under document C (2012) 8064) text with EEA relevance. Special Education Croatian. 2012; 15(28):163- 180. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2012/707/oj
[31] OECD. Test guideline 423, OECD guideline for chemicals. Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxic class Methods. 2001; 14 p.
[32] Ahmed FZB, Merzouk H, Bouanane S1 , Benkalfat NB, Sid Ahmed Merzouk SA, Mulengi JK, Narce M. Acute toxicity evaluation of 2-hydroxy-methyl-1 (N-phtaloyltryptophyl) aziridine in Wistar rat. Annales de Toxicologie Analytique. 2010; 22(3):115-121. https://doi.org/10.1051/ata/2010017
[33] Méïté A, Ouattara H, Dally T, Bouafou KGM, Kouamé KG, Kati-Coulibaly S. Wheat flour fortification with that of defatted seed of Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae): Effects on organs Biometry. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2016; 1(3):418-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/1.3.17.
[34] Diezi J. 1989. Toxicologie : principes de base et répercussions cliniques. In : Pharmacologie des concepts fondamentaux aux applications thérapeutiques. Ed. Slatkine-Genève. 1989; p. 33-44.
[35] Néné-Bi SA, Traoré F, Zahoui OS, Soro TY. Composition chimique d’un extrait aqueux de Bridelia furruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) et études de ses effets toxicologique et pharmacologique chez les mammifères. Afrique Sciences. 2008; 4(2):287-305. https://doi.org/10.4314/afsci.v4i2.61690
[36] Onyebuchi C, Kavaz D. Effect of extraction temperature and solvent type on the bioactive potential of Ocimum gratissimum L. extracts. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1):21760. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78847-5
[37] Kew MC. Serum aminotransferase concentration as evidence of hepatocellular damage. The Lancet. 2000; 355(9204):591-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00219-6
[2] Sofowara A. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books, Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. 1993; P. 157-161.
[3] Ito A, Munakata K, Imazu Y, Watanabe K. First nationwide attitude survey of japanese physicians on the use of traditional Japanese medicine (kampo) in cancer treatment. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012; 13:957082. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/957082
[4] Sahoo N, Manchikanti P., Dey S. Herbal drugs: standards and regulation. Fitoterapia. 2010; 81(6):462-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.02.001
[5] Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of Natural Products. 2012; 75(3):311-335. https://doi.org/10.1021/np200906s
[6] Gies J-P. Bases de pharmacologie moléculaire. Edition Marketing, Paris, France. 1993; P. 5- 6.
[7] Binlin-Dadié R, Soro S, N’Dri KD. Complications après usage de produits de la pharmacopée traditionnelle (Aspects cliniques). Médecine d’Afrique Noire. 1997: 44:128-130.
[8] Astin JA. Why patients use alternative medicine ? Results of a national study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998; 279(19):1548-1553. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.19.1548
[9] Mashour NH, Lin GL, Frishman WH. Herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: Clinical considerations. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1998; 158(20):2225- 2234. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.20.2225
[10] Hilaly JE, Isaili ZH, Lyoussi H. Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajuga iva in experimental animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004; 91(1):43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.009
[11] Maïga A, Diallo D, Fane S, Sanogo R, Paulsen BS, Cissé B. A survey of toxic plants on the market in the District of Bamako, Mali. Traditional kwnoledge compared with a literature seach of modern pharmacology and toxicology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005; 96(1-2):183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.005
[12] Lüllmann H, Mohr K, Ziegler A. Atlas de poche de pharmacologie. Ed Flammarion Médecine Sciences, Paris, France. 1998; P. 7-10.
[13] Kerharo J, Adams JG. La pharmacopée sénégalaise traditionnelle, plantes médicinales et toxiques. Vigot Frères Ed., Paris, France. 1974; P. 630-632.
[14] Gautier-Beguin D. Plantes de cueillette à utilisation alimentaire en Côte d’Ivoire Centrale. Boissiera 46. 1992; 341 p.
[15] Bellomaria B, Kacou P. Plantes et médecine populaire d’Agboville (Côte d’Ivoire). Fitoterapia. 1995; 66: 117-141.
[16] Bedigian D. Evolution of Sesame revisited: domestication, diversity and prospects. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2003; 50:779-787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025029903549
[17] N’Guessan K. La lutte contre la tragédie de l’accouchement par les plantes. Revue Internationale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre. 2000; 1:57-66.
[18] Malan DF, Neuba DFR. Traditional practices and medicinal plants use during pregnancy by AnyiNdenye women (Eastern Côte d’Ivoire). African Journal. Reproduction Health. 2011; 15(1):85-93. PMID: 21987942
[19] Konan BA, Amonkan KA, Bléyéré NM, Kouakou KL, Bouafou KGM, Datté YJ. Sesamum radiatum leaves can help childbirth. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences. 2013; 3(4):69-73.
[20] Konan BA, Datté YJ, Offoumou AM. Action of the aqueous extract of Sesamum radiatum Schum. & Thonn. (Pedaliaceae) on the cardiovascular system of mammalians: Hypotensive effect. Current Bioactive Compdounds; 2006: 2(3):263-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407210602030263
[21] Konan BA, Datté YJ, Yapo AP. Nitric oxide pathway-mediated relaxant effect of aqueous sesame leaves extract (Sesamum radiatum Schum. & Thonn.) in the guinea-pig isolated aorta smooth muscle. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2008; 8:23. https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6882-8-23
[22] Konan BA, Amonkan KA, Ahui MLB, Bouafou KGM, Kouakou KL, Kpahé ZF, Datté YJ. Myostimulating effects of Sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract in isolated guinea-pig Taenia caeci contractile activity. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011; 8(4):377-385. https://doi.org/10.4314%2Fajtcam.v8i4.6
[23] Konan BA. Bouafou KGM, Kouakou KL, Bléyéré NM, Amonkan KA, Zannou-Tchoko JV, Ahui MLB, Datté YJ. Effects of Sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract on rhythmic contractions of uterine smooth muscle bundles from pregnant rats. International Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research. 2012; 2(4):82-89. https://doi.org/10.5963/LSMR0204005
[24] Konan BA, Bouafou KGM, Bléyéré NM, Zannou-Tchoko V, Amonkan KA, Datté YJ. Acute toxicity study and effects of sesame (Sesamum radiatum) aqueous leaf extract on rabbit’s electrocardiogram. International Journal of Biomolecules & Biomedicine. 2012; 2(1):17-27. https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1397421.V1
[25] Koko BK, Konan BA, Kouacou FKA, Djétouan JMK, Amonkan KA. Galactogogue effect of Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous leaf extract on milk production in female Wistar rats. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2019; 7(9):51-65. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2019.79006
[26] Allo FY, Méïté S, Konan BA, Datté YJ. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of the aqueous leaf extract of Lippia multiflora. Asian Journal of Emerging Research. 2020; 2(1): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.3923/AJERPK.2020.43.53
[27] Konan BA, Kpahé ZF, Koko KB, Adepo YP. Diuretic activities of root bark aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Parquetina nigrescens. I-Effects on urinary excretion in Wistar rat. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(3):57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5318
[28] Amonkan KA, Konan BA, Djétouan KJM. Effects of Ficus exasperata root bark aqueous and ethanolic 70 % extracts on urinary excretion in Wistar rat. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2022; 10(1):20-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajps-10-1-4
[29] OCDE. Série sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes. ENV/MC/CHEM. 1998 ; 98: 17. https://doi.org/10.1787/20777868
[30] Europeen Union. Commission implementing decision of 14 november 2012 establishing a common format the submission of the information pursuant to Directive 2010/63/EU of the Europeen parliament and the council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (notified under document C (2012) 8064) text with EEA relevance. Special Education Croatian. 2012; 15(28):163- 180. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2012/707/oj
[31] OECD. Test guideline 423, OECD guideline for chemicals. Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxic class Methods. 2001; 14 p.
[32] Ahmed FZB, Merzouk H, Bouanane S1 , Benkalfat NB, Sid Ahmed Merzouk SA, Mulengi JK, Narce M. Acute toxicity evaluation of 2-hydroxy-methyl-1 (N-phtaloyltryptophyl) aziridine in Wistar rat. Annales de Toxicologie Analytique. 2010; 22(3):115-121. https://doi.org/10.1051/ata/2010017
[33] Méïté A, Ouattara H, Dally T, Bouafou KGM, Kouamé KG, Kati-Coulibaly S. Wheat flour fortification with that of defatted seed of Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae): Effects on organs Biometry. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2016; 1(3):418-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/1.3.17.
[34] Diezi J. 1989. Toxicologie : principes de base et répercussions cliniques. In : Pharmacologie des concepts fondamentaux aux applications thérapeutiques. Ed. Slatkine-Genève. 1989; p. 33-44.
[35] Néné-Bi SA, Traoré F, Zahoui OS, Soro TY. Composition chimique d’un extrait aqueux de Bridelia furruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) et études de ses effets toxicologique et pharmacologique chez les mammifères. Afrique Sciences. 2008; 4(2):287-305. https://doi.org/10.4314/afsci.v4i2.61690
[36] Onyebuchi C, Kavaz D. Effect of extraction temperature and solvent type on the bioactive potential of Ocimum gratissimum L. extracts. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1):21760. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78847-5
[37] Kew MC. Serum aminotransferase concentration as evidence of hepatocellular damage. The Lancet. 2000; 355(9204):591-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00219-6
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Kouacou KAF, Konan BA, Koko KB. Oral and Intraperitoneal Acute Toxicity Studies of Sesamum radiatum Aqueous Leaf Extract in Female Wistar Rats. JDDT [Internet]. 15Sep.2022 [cited 3May2024];12(5):87-3. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5603
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