KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG OPERATORS OF PHARMACIES AND PATENT MEDICINE STORES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

  • KJ Awosan Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
  • A Yunusa Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
  • I Yakubu Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
  • KK Yunusa Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
  • AM Auwal Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
DOI https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1881

Abstract

Background: The weak pharmacovigilance (PV) systems in many developing countries of the world have undoubtedly hampered the global quest for safe drug use. Operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores have important roles to play in developing the PV systems in these countries being the main source of medicines for acute conditions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.


Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a set of pretested self- administered, semi-structured questionnaire.


Results: Although, the majority, 173 (69.5%) of the 249 respondents were aware of PV, less than a fifth (17.3%) had good knowledge of it. Despite positive attitude towards PV, only about half, 56 (52.3%) of the 107 respondents that had observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in clients reported; and of these, only about a tenth (12.8%) formally reported to the organization in charge of PV. The most commonly cited reasons for non-reporting were that they didn’t know where and how to report (51.0%), and unavailability of reporting forms (23.5%).


Conclusion: This study showed poor knowledge of PV and sub-optimal ADRs reporting despite positive attitude towards it by operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Sensitization of the populace and training of healthcare providers on PV and ADRs reporting are necessary for revitalizing the PV system in Sokoto State, Nigeria.


Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, knowledge, attitude, practice

Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, knowledge, attitude

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

KJ Awosan, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

A Yunusa, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

I Yakubu, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

KK Yunusa, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

AM Auwal, Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

References

1. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2004. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s7148e/s7148e.pdf [Last accessed on 2018 August 21].
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Quality Assurance and Safety of Medicines Team. Safety of medicines: a guide to reporting adverse drug reactions: why health professionals need to take action. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2002. Available from: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67378 [Last accessed on 2018 August 21].
3. Wu T, Jen M, Bottle A, Molokhia M, Aylin P, Bell D et al. Ten-year trends in hospital admissions for adverse drug reactions in England 1999-2009. J Royal Soc Med 2010; 103:239. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2010.100113.
4. Prakasam A, Nidamanuri A, Kumar S. Knowledge, perception and practice of pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in South India. Pharmacy Practice (Internet) 2012; 10(4):222-6.
5. Almandil NB. Healthcare professionals’ awareness and knowledge of adverse drug reaction and pharmacovigilance. Saudi Med J 2016; 37(12):1359-64.
6. Suyah M, Farah D, Farha RA. Pharmacists’ knowledge, practice and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:147-53.
7. Choi HL, Nwokike J, Boni A, Lee D. Comprehensive assessment of pharmacovigilance systems and their performance systems and their performance in sub-Saharan Africa. Systems for improved access to pharmaceuticals and services (SIAPS) program. Arlington, VA: Management Services for Health; 2012. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js21933en/ [Last accessed on 2018 August 21].
8. Katusiime B, Semakula D, Lubinga SJ. Adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare workers at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15(4):1308-17.
9. Joubert MC, Naidoo P. Knowledge, perceptions and practices of pharmacovigilance amongst community and hospital pharmacists in a selected district of North West Province, South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid 2016; 21: 238-44.
10. Wafula FN, Miriti EM, Goodman CA. Examining characteristics, knowledge and regulatory practices of specialized drug shops in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12:223.
11. National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA). Draft essential childhood medicines scale-up plan. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria; 2011. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2011.587961
12. Adebayo AM, Asuzu MC. Utilization of a community based health facility in a low-income urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2015; 7. doi: 10.402/phcfm.v7;1.735.
13. Ohaju-Obodo JO, Iribhogbe OI. Extent of pharmacovigilance among resident doctors in Edo and Lagos States of Nigeria. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19(2):191-5.
14. Oreagba IA, Ogunleye OJ, Olayemi SO. The knowledge, perceptions and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst community pharmacists in Lagos State, South West Nigeria. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011; 20(1):30-5.
15. Awodele O, Adeniran A, Awodele DF. Pharmacovigilance amongst patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Int J Risk Saf Med 2012; 24(2):65-72.
16. Araoye MO. Research methodology with statistics for health and allied social sciences. Ilorin: Nathadex; 2004.
17. Okonkwo AD, Okonkwo UP. Patent medicine vendors, community pharmacists and STI management in Abuja, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2010; 10(3):253-65.
18. Auta A, Omale S, Folorunsho TJ, David S, Banwat SB. Medicine vendors: self medication practices and medicine knowledge. N Am J Med Sci 2012; 4:24-28.
19. Tobin-West CI, Adeniji FO. Knowledge and practices of patent medicine vendors in Rivers State, Nigeria: implications for malaria control in rural and sub-urban communities. Indian J Pharm Practice 2012; 5:34-39.
20. Udoye JA, Ozolua R, Nwokike J. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance by pharmacists in two states in South-eastern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res 2018; 17(5):937-45.
21. Al-Worafi YM, Kassab YW, Alseragi WM, Almutairi MS, Ahmed A, Ming LC et al. Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reporting: a perspective of community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Sana’a, Yemen. Ther Cli Risk Mang 2017; 13:1175-81.
22. Mahmoud MA, Alswaida Y, Alshammari T, Khan TM, Alrasheedy A, Hassali MA, Aljadhey H. Community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviors and experiences about adverse drug reaction reporting in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2014; 22(5):411-18.
Crossmark
Statistics
461 Views | 450 Downloads
How to Cite
1.
Awosan K, Yunusa A, Yakubu I, Yunusa K, Auwal A. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG OPERATORS OF PHARMACIES AND PATENT MEDICINE STORES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA. JDDT [Internet]. 11Sep.2018 [cited 20Apr.2024];8(5):358-64. Available from: https://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/1881
Issue
Vol 8 No 5 (2018): VOLUME 8, ISSUE 5, Sep-Oct 2018
Section
Research
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).